Effects of Phosphorus on Survival and Growth of Fairy Shrimp, Streptocephalus sirindhornae
Abstract
Fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus sirindhornae is a freshwater crustacean and acts as a primary consumer that transfers energy and nutrients from producers to higher trophic levels. It has been used as a live food for ornamental fish and the other economical crustaceans. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of phosphorus on survival and growth of S. sirindhornae. The fairy shrimps were fed with Chlorella vulgaris cultured in COMBO medium containing two different concentrations of phosphorus (25 (low-P) and 500 (high-P) μM) and cultured under the same conditions: 28˚C at 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod. We observed their growth and survival until they became adults (8 days). The results showed that the survival of S. sirindhornae fed with high-phosphorus Chlorella significantly higher than those fed with low-phosphorus group (p < 0.05) due to the important of phosphorus on component of the exoskeleton, enzymes, and nucleic acids of fairy shrimps. However, the growth of fairy shrimps was not significantly different between the treatments (p > 0.05). Keywords: fairy shrimp, phosphorus, Streptocephalus sirindhornae, survival, growthReferences
Acharya, K., Kyle, M., and Elser, J.J. (2004) Effects of stoichiometric dietary mixing on Daphnia growth and reproduction. Oecologia, 138, 333–40.
Becker, C. and Boersma, M. (2005) Differential effects of phosphorus and fatty acids on Daphnia magna growth and reproduction. Limnol. Oceanogr, 50, 388–397.
Biro, P.A., Abrahams, M. V., Post, J.R., and Parkinson, E.A. (2006) Behavioural trade-offs between growth and mortality explain evolution of submaximal growth rates. J. Anim. Ecol., 75, 1165–1171.
Boersma, M. and Kreutzer, C. (2002) Life at the edge: Is food quality really of minor importance at low quantities? Ecology, 83, 2552–2561.
Boonmak, P., Saengphan, N., and Sanoamuang, L. (2007) Biology and fecundity of two fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae Saoamuang, Murugan, Weekers and Dumont and Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan and Murugen. KKU Res J, 12, 125–131.
Calder, P.C. and Jackson, A.A. (2000) Undernutrition, infection and immune function. Nutr. Res. Rev., 13, 3–29.
Dararat, W., Starkweather, P.L., and Sanoamuang, L. (2011) Life History of Three Fairy Shrimps (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. J. Crustac. Biol., 31, 623–629.
van Donk, E. and Hessen, D.O. (1993) Grazing resistance in nutrient-stressed phytoplankton. Oecologia, 93,
508–511.
Frost, Paul C, Ebert, D., and Smith, V.H. (2008) Bacterial infection changes the elemental composition of Daphnia magna. J. Anim. Ecol., 77, 1265–1272.
Frost, P. C., Ebert, D., and Smith, V.H. (2008) Responses of a bacterial pathogen to phosphorus limitation of its aquatic invertebrate host. Ecology, 89, 313–318.
Frost, P.C., Evans-White, M.A., Finkel, Z. V., Jensen, T.C., and Matzek, V. (2005) Are you what you eat ? Physiological in an elementally world imbalanced stoichiometry. Oikos, 109, 18–28.
Kegley, E.B., Spears, J.W., and Auman, S.K. (2001) Dietary phosphorus and an inflammatory challenge affect performance and immune function of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 79, 413–419.
Kilham, S.S., Kreeger, D.A., Lynn, S.G., Goulden, C.E., and Herrera, L. (1998) COMBO: A defined freshwater culture medium for algae and zooplankton. Hydrobiologia, 377, 147–159.
Lurling, M. and van Donk, E. (1997) Life history consequences for Daphnia pulex feeding on nutrient-limited phytoplankton. Freshw. Biol., 38, 693–709.
Muangsan, N., Niamsanit, S., and Siripornadulsil, S. (2006) Black disease of fairy shrimps and associated bacteria. KKU Res J, 11, 39–45.
Paes, C.R.P.S., Faria, G.R., Tinoco, N.A.B., Castro, D.J.F.A., Barbarino, E., and Lourenco, S.O. (2016) Growth, nutrient uptake and chemical composition of Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata under nitrogen starvation. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 44, 275–292.
Saejung, C., Hatai, K., and Sanoamuang, L. (2012) Bath efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, oxytetracycline dihydrate and chloramphenicol against bacterial black disease in fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis. Aquac. Res., 45, 1697–1705.
Saejung, C., Hatai, K., and Sanoamuang, L. (2014) The in-vitro antibacterial effects of organic salts, chemical disinfectants and antibiotics against pathogens of black disease in fairy shrimp of Thailand. J. Fish Dis.,
37, 33–41.
Saejung, C., Hatai, K., Wada, S., Kurata, O., and Sanoamuang, L. (2011) Clinical observations of black disease in fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae and Branchinella thailandensis, from Thailand and pathogen verification. J. Fish Dis., 34, 911–20.
Saengphan, N. and Sanoamuang, L. (2009) Effect of Food Concentrations on Growth and Survival of the Fairy Shrimp Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang , Saengphan and Murugan. Burapha Sci. Spec., 2009,
19–28.
Saengphan, N., Shiel, R.J., and Sanoamuang, L. (2005) The cyst hatching pattern of the Thai fairy shrimp, Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan & Muragen, 2002 (Anostraca). Crustaceana, 78,
513–523.
Saengphan, N., Shiel, R.J., and Sanoamuang, L. (2003) The cyst hatching pattern of the Thai fairy shrimp, Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang&Murugan, 2002 (Anostraca: Crustacea) in laboratory cultures.
KKU Res J.
Sanoamuang, L., Murugan, G., Weekers, P.H.H., and Dumont, H.J. (2000) Streptocephalus sirindhonae, new species of freshwater fairy shrimp (Anostraca) from Thailand. J. Crustac. Biol., 20, 559–565.
Seidgar, M. (2015) The effects of Fairy Shrimp Phallocryptus spinosa ( Branchiopoda : Anostraca ) as live food on reproduction performances and color of freshwater ornamental fish prawns. Int. J. Aquat. Sci., 6, 37–44.
Simhachalam, G., Sampath Kumar, N.S., and Govinda Rao, K. (2015) Biochemical composition and nutritional value of Streptocephalus simplex as live feed in ornamental fish culture. J. Basic Appl. Zool., 72, 66–72.
Sornsupharp, B., Lomthaisong, K., Dahms, H.U., and Sanoamuang, L. (2015) Effects of dried fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae meal on pigmentation and carotenoid deposition in flowerhorn cichlid; Amphilophus citrinellus (Gunther, 1864) x Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Gunther, 1867). Aquac. Res., 46,
173–184.
Sornsupharp, S., Dahms, H.U., and Sanoamuang, L. (2013) Nutrient composition of fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae nauplii as live food and growth performance of giant freshwater prawn postlarvae. Aquac.
Nutr., 19, 349–359.
The R Core Team (2013) R : a language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Thie, A. (1998) Microflora associated with the digestive tract of the fairy shrimp Branchinella spinosa. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 158, 201–205.
Urabe, J. and Watanabe, Y. (1992) Possibility of N or P limitation for planktonic cladocerans : An experimental test. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 244–251.
Vanschoenwinkel, B., Seaman, M., and Brendonck, L. (2010) Hatching phenology, life history and egg bank size of fairy shrimp Branchipodopsis spp. (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) in relation to the ephemerality of their rock pool habitat. Aquat. Ecol., 44, 771–780.
Vrede, T., Andersen, T., and Hessen, D.O. (1999) Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean zooplankton species. Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 225–229.
Zera, A.J. and Harshman, L.G. (2001) The Physiology of Life History Trade-Offs in Animals. Annu. Rev. Ecol.
Becker, C. and Boersma, M. (2005) Differential effects of phosphorus and fatty acids on Daphnia magna growth and reproduction. Limnol. Oceanogr, 50, 388–397.
Biro, P.A., Abrahams, M. V., Post, J.R., and Parkinson, E.A. (2006) Behavioural trade-offs between growth and mortality explain evolution of submaximal growth rates. J. Anim. Ecol., 75, 1165–1171.
Boersma, M. and Kreutzer, C. (2002) Life at the edge: Is food quality really of minor importance at low quantities? Ecology, 83, 2552–2561.
Boonmak, P., Saengphan, N., and Sanoamuang, L. (2007) Biology and fecundity of two fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae Saoamuang, Murugan, Weekers and Dumont and Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan and Murugen. KKU Res J, 12, 125–131.
Calder, P.C. and Jackson, A.A. (2000) Undernutrition, infection and immune function. Nutr. Res. Rev., 13, 3–29.
Dararat, W., Starkweather, P.L., and Sanoamuang, L. (2011) Life History of Three Fairy Shrimps (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. J. Crustac. Biol., 31, 623–629.
van Donk, E. and Hessen, D.O. (1993) Grazing resistance in nutrient-stressed phytoplankton. Oecologia, 93,
508–511.
Frost, Paul C, Ebert, D., and Smith, V.H. (2008) Bacterial infection changes the elemental composition of Daphnia magna. J. Anim. Ecol., 77, 1265–1272.
Frost, P. C., Ebert, D., and Smith, V.H. (2008) Responses of a bacterial pathogen to phosphorus limitation of its aquatic invertebrate host. Ecology, 89, 313–318.
Frost, P.C., Evans-White, M.A., Finkel, Z. V., Jensen, T.C., and Matzek, V. (2005) Are you what you eat ? Physiological in an elementally world imbalanced stoichiometry. Oikos, 109, 18–28.
Kegley, E.B., Spears, J.W., and Auman, S.K. (2001) Dietary phosphorus and an inflammatory challenge affect performance and immune function of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 79, 413–419.
Kilham, S.S., Kreeger, D.A., Lynn, S.G., Goulden, C.E., and Herrera, L. (1998) COMBO: A defined freshwater culture medium for algae and zooplankton. Hydrobiologia, 377, 147–159.
Lurling, M. and van Donk, E. (1997) Life history consequences for Daphnia pulex feeding on nutrient-limited phytoplankton. Freshw. Biol., 38, 693–709.
Muangsan, N., Niamsanit, S., and Siripornadulsil, S. (2006) Black disease of fairy shrimps and associated bacteria. KKU Res J, 11, 39–45.
Paes, C.R.P.S., Faria, G.R., Tinoco, N.A.B., Castro, D.J.F.A., Barbarino, E., and Lourenco, S.O. (2016) Growth, nutrient uptake and chemical composition of Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata under nitrogen starvation. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 44, 275–292.
Saejung, C., Hatai, K., and Sanoamuang, L. (2012) Bath efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, oxytetracycline dihydrate and chloramphenicol against bacterial black disease in fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis. Aquac. Res., 45, 1697–1705.
Saejung, C., Hatai, K., and Sanoamuang, L. (2014) The in-vitro antibacterial effects of organic salts, chemical disinfectants and antibiotics against pathogens of black disease in fairy shrimp of Thailand. J. Fish Dis.,
37, 33–41.
Saejung, C., Hatai, K., Wada, S., Kurata, O., and Sanoamuang, L. (2011) Clinical observations of black disease in fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae and Branchinella thailandensis, from Thailand and pathogen verification. J. Fish Dis., 34, 911–20.
Saengphan, N. and Sanoamuang, L. (2009) Effect of Food Concentrations on Growth and Survival of the Fairy Shrimp Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang , Saengphan and Murugan. Burapha Sci. Spec., 2009,
19–28.
Saengphan, N., Shiel, R.J., and Sanoamuang, L. (2005) The cyst hatching pattern of the Thai fairy shrimp, Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan & Muragen, 2002 (Anostraca). Crustaceana, 78,
513–523.
Saengphan, N., Shiel, R.J., and Sanoamuang, L. (2003) The cyst hatching pattern of the Thai fairy shrimp, Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang&Murugan, 2002 (Anostraca: Crustacea) in laboratory cultures.
KKU Res J.
Sanoamuang, L., Murugan, G., Weekers, P.H.H., and Dumont, H.J. (2000) Streptocephalus sirindhonae, new species of freshwater fairy shrimp (Anostraca) from Thailand. J. Crustac. Biol., 20, 559–565.
Seidgar, M. (2015) The effects of Fairy Shrimp Phallocryptus spinosa ( Branchiopoda : Anostraca ) as live food on reproduction performances and color of freshwater ornamental fish prawns. Int. J. Aquat. Sci., 6, 37–44.
Simhachalam, G., Sampath Kumar, N.S., and Govinda Rao, K. (2015) Biochemical composition and nutritional value of Streptocephalus simplex as live feed in ornamental fish culture. J. Basic Appl. Zool., 72, 66–72.
Sornsupharp, B., Lomthaisong, K., Dahms, H.U., and Sanoamuang, L. (2015) Effects of dried fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae meal on pigmentation and carotenoid deposition in flowerhorn cichlid; Amphilophus citrinellus (Gunther, 1864) x Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Gunther, 1867). Aquac. Res., 46,
173–184.
Sornsupharp, S., Dahms, H.U., and Sanoamuang, L. (2013) Nutrient composition of fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae nauplii as live food and growth performance of giant freshwater prawn postlarvae. Aquac.
Nutr., 19, 349–359.
The R Core Team (2013) R : a language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Thie, A. (1998) Microflora associated with the digestive tract of the fairy shrimp Branchinella spinosa. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 158, 201–205.
Urabe, J. and Watanabe, Y. (1992) Possibility of N or P limitation for planktonic cladocerans : An experimental test. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 244–251.
Vanschoenwinkel, B., Seaman, M., and Brendonck, L. (2010) Hatching phenology, life history and egg bank size of fairy shrimp Branchipodopsis spp. (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) in relation to the ephemerality of their rock pool habitat. Aquat. Ecol., 44, 771–780.
Vrede, T., Andersen, T., and Hessen, D.O. (1999) Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean zooplankton species. Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 225–229.
Zera, A.J. and Harshman, L.G. (2001) The Physiology of Life History Trade-Offs in Animals. Annu. Rev. Ecol.
Downloads
Published
2019-07-01
Issue
Section
Research Article
