Effect of Cultural Conditions on the Production of Mannanase and Xylanase Produced by Bacteria Isolated from Kanchanaburi Organic Rice Field
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study on the effects of temperature of cultivation, initial pH of medium and inoculum preparation for the mannanase and xylanase production from 10 isolates, collected from organic rice field pre-harvesting from Kanchanaburi Province. All 10 isolates were determined on mannanase and xylanase activities by using locust bean gum and birchwood xylan as standard, respectively by measuring reducing sugar content by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Bacterial cell growth was also evaluated by reading the absorbance at 600 nm of culture broth. At the optimal pH (7.0), three 3 isolates including Paenibacillus polymyxa BTK01, Bacillus subtilis BTK07 and Bacillus gottheilii BTK10, exhibited high enzyme activities. The optimum temperature for growth and enzyme production of Pb. polymyxa BTK01, B. subtilis BTK07 and B. gottheilii BTK10 were 37, 30 and 37°C, respectively. According to optimal inoculum amount for growth and enzyme production of both Pb. polymyxa BTK01 and B. subtilis BTK07 were 1% (v/v) and 1.5% (v/v) for B. gottheilii BTK10. At optimum condition, B. subtilis BTK07 showed the highest mannanase activity (0.698 U/mL) while Pb. polymyxa BTK01 showed the highest xylanase activity (0.419 U/mL). Keywords : mannanase, xylanase, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, organic rice fieldReferences
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Chakdar, H., Kumar, M., Pandiyan, K., Singh, A., Nanjappan, K., Kashyap, L.M., & Srivastava, K.A. 2016. Bacterial xylanases: biology to biotechnology. 3 Biotech, 6, 150-155.
Chauhan, S.P., Bharadwaj, A., Puri, N., & Gupta, N. (2014). Optimization of medium composition for alkali-
thermostable mannanase production by Bacillus nealsonii PN-11 in submerged fermentation. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(10), 1033-1045.
Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Wu, J., & Zhang, J. (2018). The effect of biotic and abiotic environmental factors on Pd(II)
adsorption and reduction by Bacillus wiedmannii MSM. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Journal, 162, 546-553.
Chunya, P., Phetsawi, C., Khumphai, P., & Chantorn, S. (2016). Isolation and screening of lignocellulolytic bacteria from organic rice field in Kanchanaburi Loei and Surin provinces Thailand. In The 28th Annual Meeting of the Thai Society for Biotechnology and International Conference November
28-30, 2016.
Dhawan, S. & Kaur, J. 2007. Microbial mannanases: an overview of production and applications. Critical
Reviews in Biotechnol, 27,197-216.
Dyk, J.Sv., Sakka, M., Sakka, K., & Pletschke, B.I. (2010). Identification of endoglucanases, xylanases,
pectinases and mannanases in the multi-enzyme complex of Bacillus licheniformis SVD1. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 47, 112-118.
El-Sobky, E.EA. (2017). Effect of burned rice straw, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.). Annals of Agricultural Science Journal, 62, 113-120.
Fatokun, E.N., Nwodo, U.U., Olaniran, A.O., & Okoh, A.I. (2017). Optimization of process conditions for the
production of holocellulase by a Bacillus species isolated from nahoon beach sediments. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 13(2), 70.80, DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2017.70.80
Feng, Y., He, Z., Ong, S.L., Hu, J., Zhang, Z., & Ng, W.J. (2003). Optimization of agitation, aeration, and
temperature conditions for maximum-mannanase production. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 32, 282–289.
Heck, J.X., Soares, L.H.D.B., & Ayub, M.A.Z. (2005). Optimization of xylanase and mannanase production by
Bacillus circulans strain BL53 on solid-state cultivation. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 37(4), 417-423.
Koutsoumanis, K.P., & Sofos, J.N. (2005). Effect of inoculum size on the combined temperature, pH and aw
limits for growth of Listeria monocytogenes. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 104, 83-91.
Khanongnuch, C., Asada, K., Tsuruga, H., Ooi, T., Kinoshita, S., & Lumyong, S. (1998). Mannanase and
xylanase of Bacillus subtilis 5H Active for Bleaching of Crude Pulp. Fermentation and Bioengineering Journal,86(5), 461-466.
Krier, F., Revol-Junelles, A. M., & Germain, P. (1998). Influence of temperature and pH on production of two
bacteriocins by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Mesenteroides FR52 during batch fermentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Journal, 50(3), 59-63.
Malgasa. S., Thoresena, M., Susan van Dykb, J., & Pletschke, B. I. (2017). Time dependence of enzyme synergism during the degradation of model and natural lignocellulosic substrates. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 103, 1-11.
Mathews, S.L., Grunden, A.M., & Pawlak, J. (2016). Degradation of lignocellulose and lignin by Paenibacillus
glucanolyticus. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Journal, 110, 79-86.
Mihajlovski, K., Radovanovic, Z., Carevic, M., & Dimitrijevic-Brankovic, S. (2018). Valorization of damaged rice
grains: Optimization of bioethanol production by waste brewer’s yeast using an amylolytic potential from the Paenibacillus chitinolyticus CKS1. Fuel Journal, 224, 591-599.
Miller & Gail. (1959). Use of dinitosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry, 31(3), 426-428.
Phangsri, P., & Phangsri, P. (2017). Mannanase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis P2-5 with waste management. Energy Procedia Journal, 318,343-347.
Phothichitto, K., Nitisinprasert, S., & Keawsompong, S. (2006). Isolation, screening and identification of mannanase producing microorganisms. Kasetsart Journal. (Nat. Sci.), 40 (Suppl.), 26 – 38.
Puchart, V., Katapodis, P., Biely, P., Kremnicky, L., Christakopoulos, P., Vrsanska, M., Kekos, D., Macris, B.J.,
& Bhat, M.K. (1998). Production of xylanases, mannanases, and pectinases by the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 24, 355–361.
Raja, A., Kumar, S., Singh, S.K., & Prakash, J. (2018). Production and purification of xylanase from alkaliphilic
Bacillus licheniformis and its pretreatment of eucalyptus kraft pulp. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology Journal, 15, 199-209.
Sá-Pereira, P., Costa-Ferreira, M., & Aires-Barros, M. R. (2002). Enzymatic properties of a neutral endo-1,3(4)-xylanase Xyl II from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Biotechnology, 94, 265-275.
Siddiqui, M.A.H., Biswas, M., Faruk, M.O., Roy, M., Asaduzzaman, A.K.M., Sharma, S.C.D., Biswas, T., & Roy,
N. (2016). Optimization, isolation and characterization of cellulase-free thermostable xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. American Journal of Life Sciences, 4(4), 93-98.
Svastits-Ducso, L., Nguyen, Q.D., Lefler, D.D., & Rezessy-Szabo, J.M. (2009). Effects of galactomannan as
carbon source on production of α-galactosidase by Thermomyces lanuginosus: Fermentation, purification and partial characterization. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 45(5), 367-371
Titapoka, S., Keawsompong, S., Haltrich, D., & Nitisinprasert, S. (2008). Selection and characterization of mannanase-producing bacteria useful for the formation of prebiotic manno-oligosaccharides from copra meal. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 1425-1433.
Trinh, C.S., Jeong, C.Y., Lee, W.J., Truong, H.A., Chung, N., Han, J., Hong, S.W., & Lee, H. (2018). Paenibacillus pabuli strain P7S promotes plant growth and induces anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Journal, 129, 264-272.
Utami, D.R., Sutrisno, A., & Kusnadi, J. (2016). Isolation, purification and characterization of mannanase from
Bacillus subtilis MAN-511. International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering, 2(11), 83-87.
Wongkoon., T., Boonlue., S., & Ritdech., N. (2013). Screening of cellulolytic microorganisms for stimulating of
rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) seed germination. KKU Science Journal, 41(4)954-966.
Wongsiridetchai, C., Chiangkham, W., Khlaihiran, N., Sawangwan, T., Wongwathanarat, P. Charoenrat, T., & Chantorn, S. (2018). Alkaline pretreatment of spent coffee grounds for oligosaccharides production by mannanase from Bacillus sp. GA2(1). Agriculture and Natural Resources Journal, 52, 222-227.
Zhang, H., & Sang, Q. (2015). Production and extraction optimization of xylanase and Mannanase by Penicillium chrysogenum QML-2 and primary application in saccharification of corn cob. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 97, 101-110.
Ariandi, Yopi, & Meryangi A. 2015. Enzymatic hydrolysis of copra meal by mannanase from Streptomyces sp. BF3.1 for the production of mannooligosacharides. Hayati Journal of Biosciences. 22,79-86.
Chakdar, H., Kumar, M., Pandiyan, K., Singh, A., Nanjappan, K., Kashyap, L.M., & Srivastava, K.A. 2016. Bacterial xylanases: biology to biotechnology. 3 Biotech, 6, 150-155.
Chauhan, S.P., Bharadwaj, A., Puri, N., & Gupta, N. (2014). Optimization of medium composition for alkali-
thermostable mannanase production by Bacillus nealsonii PN-11 in submerged fermentation. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(10), 1033-1045.
Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Wu, J., & Zhang, J. (2018). The effect of biotic and abiotic environmental factors on Pd(II)
adsorption and reduction by Bacillus wiedmannii MSM. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Journal, 162, 546-553.
Chunya, P., Phetsawi, C., Khumphai, P., & Chantorn, S. (2016). Isolation and screening of lignocellulolytic bacteria from organic rice field in Kanchanaburi Loei and Surin provinces Thailand. In The 28th Annual Meeting of the Thai Society for Biotechnology and International Conference November
28-30, 2016.
Dhawan, S. & Kaur, J. 2007. Microbial mannanases: an overview of production and applications. Critical
Reviews in Biotechnol, 27,197-216.
Dyk, J.Sv., Sakka, M., Sakka, K., & Pletschke, B.I. (2010). Identification of endoglucanases, xylanases,
pectinases and mannanases in the multi-enzyme complex of Bacillus licheniformis SVD1. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 47, 112-118.
El-Sobky, E.EA. (2017). Effect of burned rice straw, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.). Annals of Agricultural Science Journal, 62, 113-120.
Fatokun, E.N., Nwodo, U.U., Olaniran, A.O., & Okoh, A.I. (2017). Optimization of process conditions for the
production of holocellulase by a Bacillus species isolated from nahoon beach sediments. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 13(2), 70.80, DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2017.70.80
Feng, Y., He, Z., Ong, S.L., Hu, J., Zhang, Z., & Ng, W.J. (2003). Optimization of agitation, aeration, and
temperature conditions for maximum-mannanase production. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 32, 282–289.
Heck, J.X., Soares, L.H.D.B., & Ayub, M.A.Z. (2005). Optimization of xylanase and mannanase production by
Bacillus circulans strain BL53 on solid-state cultivation. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 37(4), 417-423.
Koutsoumanis, K.P., & Sofos, J.N. (2005). Effect of inoculum size on the combined temperature, pH and aw
limits for growth of Listeria monocytogenes. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 104, 83-91.
Khanongnuch, C., Asada, K., Tsuruga, H., Ooi, T., Kinoshita, S., & Lumyong, S. (1998). Mannanase and
xylanase of Bacillus subtilis 5H Active for Bleaching of Crude Pulp. Fermentation and Bioengineering Journal,86(5), 461-466.
Krier, F., Revol-Junelles, A. M., & Germain, P. (1998). Influence of temperature and pH on production of two
bacteriocins by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Mesenteroides FR52 during batch fermentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Journal, 50(3), 59-63.
Malgasa. S., Thoresena, M., Susan van Dykb, J., & Pletschke, B. I. (2017). Time dependence of enzyme synergism during the degradation of model and natural lignocellulosic substrates. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 103, 1-11.
Mathews, S.L., Grunden, A.M., & Pawlak, J. (2016). Degradation of lignocellulose and lignin by Paenibacillus
glucanolyticus. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Journal, 110, 79-86.
Mihajlovski, K., Radovanovic, Z., Carevic, M., & Dimitrijevic-Brankovic, S. (2018). Valorization of damaged rice
grains: Optimization of bioethanol production by waste brewer’s yeast using an amylolytic potential from the Paenibacillus chitinolyticus CKS1. Fuel Journal, 224, 591-599.
Miller & Gail. (1959). Use of dinitosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry, 31(3), 426-428.
Phangsri, P., & Phangsri, P. (2017). Mannanase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis P2-5 with waste management. Energy Procedia Journal, 318,343-347.
Phothichitto, K., Nitisinprasert, S., & Keawsompong, S. (2006). Isolation, screening and identification of mannanase producing microorganisms. Kasetsart Journal. (Nat. Sci.), 40 (Suppl.), 26 – 38.
Puchart, V., Katapodis, P., Biely, P., Kremnicky, L., Christakopoulos, P., Vrsanska, M., Kekos, D., Macris, B.J.,
& Bhat, M.K. (1998). Production of xylanases, mannanases, and pectinases by the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 24, 355–361.
Raja, A., Kumar, S., Singh, S.K., & Prakash, J. (2018). Production and purification of xylanase from alkaliphilic
Bacillus licheniformis and its pretreatment of eucalyptus kraft pulp. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology Journal, 15, 199-209.
Sá-Pereira, P., Costa-Ferreira, M., & Aires-Barros, M. R. (2002). Enzymatic properties of a neutral endo-1,3(4)-xylanase Xyl II from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Biotechnology, 94, 265-275.
Siddiqui, M.A.H., Biswas, M., Faruk, M.O., Roy, M., Asaduzzaman, A.K.M., Sharma, S.C.D., Biswas, T., & Roy,
N. (2016). Optimization, isolation and characterization of cellulase-free thermostable xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. American Journal of Life Sciences, 4(4), 93-98.
Svastits-Ducso, L., Nguyen, Q.D., Lefler, D.D., & Rezessy-Szabo, J.M. (2009). Effects of galactomannan as
carbon source on production of α-galactosidase by Thermomyces lanuginosus: Fermentation, purification and partial characterization. Enzyme and Microbial Technology Journal, 45(5), 367-371
Titapoka, S., Keawsompong, S., Haltrich, D., & Nitisinprasert, S. (2008). Selection and characterization of mannanase-producing bacteria useful for the formation of prebiotic manno-oligosaccharides from copra meal. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 1425-1433.
Trinh, C.S., Jeong, C.Y., Lee, W.J., Truong, H.A., Chung, N., Han, J., Hong, S.W., & Lee, H. (2018). Paenibacillus pabuli strain P7S promotes plant growth and induces anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Journal, 129, 264-272.
Utami, D.R., Sutrisno, A., & Kusnadi, J. (2016). Isolation, purification and characterization of mannanase from
Bacillus subtilis MAN-511. International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering, 2(11), 83-87.
Wongkoon., T., Boonlue., S., & Ritdech., N. (2013). Screening of cellulolytic microorganisms for stimulating of
rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) seed germination. KKU Science Journal, 41(4)954-966.
Wongsiridetchai, C., Chiangkham, W., Khlaihiran, N., Sawangwan, T., Wongwathanarat, P. Charoenrat, T., & Chantorn, S. (2018). Alkaline pretreatment of spent coffee grounds for oligosaccharides production by mannanase from Bacillus sp. GA2(1). Agriculture and Natural Resources Journal, 52, 222-227.
Zhang, H., & Sang, Q. (2015). Production and extraction optimization of xylanase and Mannanase by Penicillium chrysogenum QML-2 and primary application in saccharification of corn cob. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 97, 101-110.
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2019-06-25
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