Mosquito Larvicidal Binary Toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus: Structure and Application
Abstract
Binary toxin (Bin) is produced by Lysinibacillus sphaericus during sporulation phase. The former name is Bacillus sphaericus. The binary toxin is highly toxic to Culex and Anopheles mosquito larvae. The binary toxin is composed of two proteins, BinA and BinB. The structures of both proteins are similar but they perform different function. After ingestion by larvae, the binary toxin is solubilized under alkaline condition and digested by protease in the larval gut resulting in paralysis and death. To date, L. sphaericus is used as a biological control agent instead of chemical insecticides as it is more environmental friendly. Nevertheless, the use of L. sphaericus is not widespread. This review aims to summarize the crucial knowledge of the toxin produced by L. sphaericus, especially in the structure and function of the mosquito larvicide binary toxin. In order to develop a binary toxin with higher efficacy, the basic knowledge must be applied. Keywords: Lysinibacillus sphaericus, mosquito larvicidal binary toxin, mosquito larvicidalReferences
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4061-4067.
Becker N, Petric D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Dahl C, Madon M, et al. (2010) .Mosquitoes and their control.2nd ed.
Heidelberg: Springer.
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1-10.
Berry, C., J. Hindley, A. F. Ehrhardt, T. Grounds, I. de Souza and E. W. Davidson (1993). Genetic determinants of host ranges of Bacillus sphaericus mosquito larvicidal toxins. J Bacteriol, 175(2), 510-518.
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Cai, Y., J. Yan, X. Hu, B. Han and Z. Yuan (2007). Improving the insecticidal activity against resistant Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes by expression of chitinase gene chiAC in Bacillus sphaericus.
Appl Environ Microbiol, 73(23), 7744-7746.
Chapman, H. C. (1974). Biological control of mosquito larvae. Annu Rev Entomol, 19, 33-59.
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Cokmus, C., E. W. Davidson and K. Cooper (1997). Electrophysiological effects of Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin on cultured mosquito cells. J Invertebr Pathol ,69(3), 197-204.
Colletier, J. P., M. R. Sawaya, M. Gingery, J. A. Rodriguez, D. Cascio, A. S. Brewster, T. Michels-Clark, R. H. Hice, N. Coquelle, S. Boutet, G. J. Williams, M. Messerschmidt, D. P. DePonte, R. G. Sierra, H. Laksmono, J. E. Koglin, M. S. Hunter, H. W. Park, M. Uervirojnangkoorn, D. K. Bideshi, A. T. Brunger, B. A. Federici, N. K. Sauter and D. S. Eisenberg (2016). De novo phasing with X-ray laser reveals mosquito larvicide BinAB structure. Nature, 539(7627), 43-47.
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Han, B., H. Liu, X. Hu, Y. Cai, D. Zheng and Z. Yuan (2007). "Molecular characterization of a glucokinase with broad hexose specificity from Bacillus sphaericus strain C3-41. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73(11),
3581-3586.
Nielsen-Leroux, C. and J. F. Charles (1992). "Binding of Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin to a specific receptor on midgut brush-border membranes from mosquito larvae. Eur J Biochem, 210(2), 585-590.
Opota, O., N. C. Gauthier, A. Doye, C. Berry, P. Gounon, E. Lemichez and D. Pauron (2011). Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin elicits host cell autophagy as a response to intoxication. PLoS One, 6(2), e14682.
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Promdonkoy, B., P. Promdonkoy and S. Panyim (2008). High-level expression in Escherichia coli, purification and mosquito-larvicidal activity of the binary toxin from Bacillus sphaericus.Curr Microbiol, 57(6), 626-630.
Schwartz, J. L., L. Potvin, F. Coux, J. F. Charles, C. Berry, M. J. Humphreys, A. F. Jones, I. Bernhart, M. Dalla Serra and G. Menestrina (2001). Permeabilization of model lipid membranes by Bacillus sphaericus mosquitocidal binary toxin and its individual components. J. Membr. Biol., 184(2), 171-183.
Silva-Filha, M. H. and C. A. Peixoto (2003). Immunocytochemical localization of the Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin components in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae midgut. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 77, 138-146.
Srisucharitpanit, K., M. Yao, B. Promdonkoy, S. Chimnaronk, I. Tanaka and P. Boonserm (2014). Crystal structure of BinB: a receptor binding component of the binary toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Proteins, 82(10), 2703-2712.
Surya, W., S. Chooduang, Y. K. Choong, J. Torres and P. Boonserm (2016). Binary Toxin Subunits of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Are Monomeric and Form Heterodimers after In Vitro Activation. PLoS One, 11(6), e0158356.
Yang, Y., L. Wang, A. Gaviria, Z. Yuan and C. Berry (2007). Proteolytic stability of insecticidal toxins expressed in recombinant bacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73(1), 218-225.
J Trop Med Pasitol 2010, 33, 87-92.
Baumann, P., L. Baumann, R. D. Bowditch and A. H. Broadwell (1987). Cloning of the gene for the larvicidal toxin of Bacillus sphaericus 2362: evidence for a family of related sequences. J Bacteriol, 169(9),
4061-4067.
Becker N, Petric D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Dahl C, Madon M, et al. (2010) .Mosquitoes and their control.2nd ed.
Heidelberg: Springer.
Berry, C. (2012). The bacterium, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, as an insect pathogen. J Invertebr Pathol, 109(1),
1-10.
Berry, C., J. Hindley, A. F. Ehrhardt, T. Grounds, I. de Souza and E. W. Davidson (1993). Genetic determinants of host ranges of Bacillus sphaericus mosquito larvicidal toxins. J Bacteriol, 175(2), 510-518.
Boonserm, P., S. Moonsom, C. Boonchoy, B. Promdonkoy, K. Parthasarathy and J. Torres (2006). Association of the components of the binary toxin from Bacillus sphaericus in solution and with model lipid bilayers. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 342(4), 1273-1278.
Cai, Y., J. Yan, X. Hu, B. Han and Z. Yuan (2007). Improving the insecticidal activity against resistant Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes by expression of chitinase gene chiAC in Bacillus sphaericus.
Appl Environ Microbiol, 73(23), 7744-7746.
Chapman, H. C. (1974). Biological control of mosquito larvae. Annu Rev Entomol, 19, 33-59.
Charles, J. F. and C. Nielsen-LeRoux (2000). Mosquitocidal bacterial toxins: diversity, mode of action and resistance phenomena. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 95 Suppl 1, 201-206.
Clements, A. N. and A. N. Clements (1992). The biology of mosquitoes. London ; New York Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK, Chapman & Hall Cambridge, MA CABI.
Cokmus, C., E. W. Davidson and K. Cooper (1997). Electrophysiological effects of Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin on cultured mosquito cells. J Invertebr Pathol ,69(3), 197-204.
Colletier, J. P., M. R. Sawaya, M. Gingery, J. A. Rodriguez, D. Cascio, A. S. Brewster, T. Michels-Clark, R. H. Hice, N. Coquelle, S. Boutet, G. J. Williams, M. Messerschmidt, D. P. DePonte, R. G. Sierra, H. Laksmono, J. E. Koglin, M. S. Hunter, H. W. Park, M. Uervirojnangkoorn, D. K. Bideshi, A. T. Brunger, B. A. Federici, N. K. Sauter and D. S. Eisenberg (2016). De novo phasing with X-ray laser reveals mosquito larvicide BinAB structure. Nature, 539(7627), 43-47.
Davidson, E. W. (1988). "Binding of the Bacillus sphaericus (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) toxin to midgut cells of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae: relationship to host range. J Med Entomol, 25(3), 151-157.
Han, B., H. Liu, X. Hu, Y. Cai, D. Zheng and Z. Yuan (2007). "Molecular characterization of a glucokinase with broad hexose specificity from Bacillus sphaericus strain C3-41. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73(11),
3581-3586.
Nielsen-Leroux, C. and J. F. Charles (1992). "Binding of Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin to a specific receptor on midgut brush-border membranes from mosquito larvae. Eur J Biochem, 210(2), 585-590.
Opota, O., N. C. Gauthier, A. Doye, C. Berry, P. Gounon, E. Lemichez and D. Pauron (2011). Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin elicits host cell autophagy as a response to intoxication. PLoS One, 6(2), e14682.
Pauchet, Y., F. Luton, C. Castella, J. F. Charles, G. Romey and D. Pauron (2005). Effects of a mosquitocidal toxin on a mammalian epithelial cell line expressing its target receptor. Cell Microbiol, 7(9), 1335-1344.
Pena-Montenegro, T. D., L. Lozano and J. Dussan (2015). Genome sequence and description of the mosquitocidal and heavy metal tolerant strain Lysinibacillus sphaericus CBAM5.
Stand Genomic Sci ,10, 2.
Promdonkoy, B., P. Promdonkoy and S. Panyim (2008). High-level expression in Escherichia coli, purification and mosquito-larvicidal activity of the binary toxin from Bacillus sphaericus.Curr Microbiol, 57(6), 626-630.
Schwartz, J. L., L. Potvin, F. Coux, J. F. Charles, C. Berry, M. J. Humphreys, A. F. Jones, I. Bernhart, M. Dalla Serra and G. Menestrina (2001). Permeabilization of model lipid membranes by Bacillus sphaericus mosquitocidal binary toxin and its individual components. J. Membr. Biol., 184(2), 171-183.
Silva-Filha, M. H. and C. A. Peixoto (2003). Immunocytochemical localization of the Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin components in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae midgut. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 77, 138-146.
Srisucharitpanit, K., M. Yao, B. Promdonkoy, S. Chimnaronk, I. Tanaka and P. Boonserm (2014). Crystal structure of BinB: a receptor binding component of the binary toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Proteins, 82(10), 2703-2712.
Surya, W., S. Chooduang, Y. K. Choong, J. Torres and P. Boonserm (2016). Binary Toxin Subunits of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Are Monomeric and Form Heterodimers after In Vitro Activation. PLoS One, 11(6), e0158356.
Yang, Y., L. Wang, A. Gaviria, Z. Yuan and C. Berry (2007). Proteolytic stability of insecticidal toxins expressed in recombinant bacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73(1), 218-225.
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2018-11-21
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