Use of Palm Ethyl Ester for Direct-Injection Diesel Engine within a Pickup Vehicle
Abstract
The main objective of this research is to investigate the performance and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine connected within an automotive pickup to use the pure ester and mixture of diesel and ester. Ester was synthesized by using oleic palm oil and anhydrous ethanol with potassium-methoxide catalysts to produce the palm-oil ethyl ester (POEE) which had the average of ester at 98.53%. Results from using POEE compared with diesel showed that the fuel heating value decreased to 10.56%, the fuel viscosity increased to 71.43%, and the density increased to 5.33%. Besides, the engine power and thermal efficiency decreased to 5.18% and 5.57%, and the fuel consumption increased to 29.35%. On the other hand, the release of CO, HC and black smoke decreased, but the CO2 and NO releases increased. Use of diesel mixed to ester led to the decrease in engine performance, but there was the decrease of CO, HC and black smoke emissions with increasing the amount of ester. Keywords : palm-oil ethyl ester, diesel, direct-injection diesel engine, performance, exhaust gas emissionReferences
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Stone, R., & Ball, J.K. (2004). Automotive Engineering Fundamentals. SAE International.
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2018). Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using palm ethyl ester. Engineering Journal Chiang Mai University, 25(2), 1-13. (in Thai)
Tamilselvan, P., Nallusamy, N., & Rajkumar, S. (2017). A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 1134-1159.
Venkateswara, R.P. (2016). Performance analysis of ci engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel (methyl/ethyl esters) blend of non-edible oil. International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, 4(7), 20-26.
Vieira da Silva, M.A., Ferreira, B.L.G., Marques, L.G.C., Murta, A.L.S., & Vasconcelos de Freitas, M.A. (2017). Comparative study of NOx emissions of biodiesel-diesel blends from soybean, palm and waste frying oils using methyl and ethyl transesterification routes. Fuel, 194, 141-156.
Jeffrey, J.A., & Subramanian, M. (2014). Experimental analysis of performance and emission parameters of neem oil ethyl ester and HHO gas addition with neem oil ethyl ester in a single cylinder four stroke compression ignition engine. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(4), 23-28.
Koushki, M., Nahidi, M., & Cheraghali, F. (2015). Physico-chemical properties, fatty acid profile and nutrition in palm oil. Journal of Paramedical Sciences, 6(3), 117-134.
Mendow, G., Veizaga, N.S., Sanchez, B.S., & Querini, C.A. (2011). Biodiesel production by two-stage transesterification with ethanol. Bioresource Technology, 102, 10407-10413.
Mohod, T.R., Jikar, P.C., & Khobragade, V.S. (2013). Experimental investigation of a diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil ethyl ester. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2(5), 240-244.
Noipin, K., & Kumar, S. (2014). Optimization of ethyl ester production from palm oil. Petroleum & Coal, 56, 249-258.
Othman, M.F., Adam, A., Najafi, G., & Mamata, R. (2017). Green fuel as alternative fuel for diesel engine: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 694-709.
Patchana, N., & Santikunaporn, M. (2012). Biodiesel production by transesterification of palm oil with ethanol. In Proceeding of the 1st Conference on Graduate Student Network of Thailand. Thammasat University, Thailand. (in Thai)
Ryborz, J. (1999). Automotive transmissions: fundamental selection, design and application. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Ramos, M.J., Fernandez, C.M., Casas, A., Rodriguez, L., & Perez, A. (2009). Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. Bioresource Technology, 100, 261–268.
Sakthivel, G., Nagarajan, G., Ilangkumaran, M., & Gaikwad, A. B. (2014). Comparative analysis of performance, emission and combustion parameters of diesel engine fuelled with ethyl ester of fish oil and its diesel blends. Fuel, 132, 116-124.
Santasnachok, M., Sutheerasak, E., Ruengphrathuengsuka, W., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2018). Performance analysis of a diesel-engine generator using ethyl ester synthesized from anhydrous ethanol and NaOH. In Proceeding 2018 International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE 2018). March 30th to April 1, 2018. Tokyo, Japan.
Shahir, V.K., Jawahar, C.P., & Suresh, P.R. (2015). Comparative study of diesel and biodiesel on CI engine with emphasis to emissions-a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 686-697.
Stone, R., & Ball, J.K. (2004). Automotive Engineering Fundamentals. SAE International.
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2018). Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using palm ethyl ester. Engineering Journal Chiang Mai University, 25(2), 1-13. (in Thai)
Tamilselvan, P., Nallusamy, N., & Rajkumar, S. (2017). A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 1134-1159.
Venkateswara, R.P. (2016). Performance analysis of ci engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel (methyl/ethyl esters) blend of non-edible oil. International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, 4(7), 20-26.
Vieira da Silva, M.A., Ferreira, B.L.G., Marques, L.G.C., Murta, A.L.S., & Vasconcelos de Freitas, M.A. (2017). Comparative study of NOx emissions of biodiesel-diesel blends from soybean, palm and waste frying oils using methyl and ethyl transesterification routes. Fuel, 194, 141-156.
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2019-01-10
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