Life cycle and development of Upside-down Jellyfish, Cassiopea andromeda (Forsskal, 1775) in laboratory conditions
Abstract
Our current knowledge of jellyfish in Thai waters are limited. Yet, basic information regarding life cycle and development of jellyfish are fundamentally necessary for further researches. Thus, these experiments were conducted conducted to study the life cycle and development of the upside-down jellyfish, Cassiopea andromeda (Forsskal, 1775) in laboratory conditions from Scyphistoma to Medusa stages. According to our results, the life cycle of C. andromeda from the scyphistoma to the medusa stage takes approximately 12 days with 4 development stages: The scyphistoma stage has cylindrical shape and settles on substrata. Fully developed scyphistoma (4-day-old) asexually reproduces by budding. In 5-day-old scyphistoma, a transverse constriction appears at the top of its mouth and the scyphistoma subsequently develops into the strobila stage, which exhibits a form of monodisk strobilation. After 8 days, the single top layer is released into the water column, which is referred to as the ephyra stage. The 4-day-old ephyra (12-day-old scyphistoma) then develops and enter the small medusa stage with average bell diameter of 6.1±0.3 mm (n=10). Key words: upside-down jellyfish C.andromeda (Forsskal, 1775), life cycle, developmentReferences
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Dong, L., Liu, G., Wang, Y., Wang, B. (2006). Laboratory observations on the life cycle of Cyanea nozakii (Semeostomida Scyphozoa). Acta Zoological Sinica Journal, 52, 389-395.
Fuentes, V., Straehler-Pohl, I. Atienza, D., Franco, I., Tilves, U., Gentile, M., Acevedo, M., Olariaga, A., Gili, J.M. (2011). Life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa Rhizostomeae) and it’s distribution seasonality and inter annual variability along the Catalan coast and the Mar Menor (Spain, NW Mediterranean). Marine Biology Journal, 158, 2274-2266.
Gershwin, L.,Collins, A.G. (2002). A Preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria Scyphozoa) with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb nov. Narural History Journal, 36, 127-148
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Purcell, J.E., Uye, S.I., & Lo, W.T. (2007). Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and direct consequences for humans; a review. Marine Ecology Progress Series Journal, 350, 153-174.
Schiariti. A, Kawahara. M, Uye. S & Mianzan. H.M. (2008). Life cycle of the jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology Journal, 156, 1-12.
Straehler-Pohl, I. Widmer, C.L. & Morandini, AC. (2011). Characterizations of juvenile stage of some smaeostome Scyphozoa (Cnidaria) with recognition of a new family. Zootaxa Journal, 2741, 1-37.
Uchida, T., & Sugiura, Y. (1978). On the polyp of the scyphomedusa, Sanderia malayensis and its reproduction. Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Series VI Zoology Journal, 21(2), 279-286.
Widmer, C.L. (2008). Life cycle of Phacellophora camtschatica (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Invertebrate Biology Journal,125(2), 83-90.
Calder, D.R. (1982). Life history of the cannonball jellyfish Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz, 1886
(Scyphozoa Rhizostomida). Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) Journal, 162, 149-162.
Cargo, D.G. (1971). The sessile stages of a scyphozoan identified as Rhopilema verrilli. Journal of Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, 17, 31-34.
Claus, C. (1890). Uber die Entwicklung des Scyphostoma von Cotylorhiza, Aurelia and Chrysaora sowie ueder die systematische Stellung der Scyphomedusen. Zoologischen Institut Universitat Wien Journal, 9, 85-128.
Delap, M.J. (1901). Notes on the rearing of Chrysaora isosceles in an aquarium. Irish Naturalist Journal, 10, 25-28.
Delap, M.J. (1905). Notes on the rearing in an aquarium of Cyanea lamarcki Peron et Lesueur. Fisheries Ireland Journal. 1902-03.
Dong, L., Liu, G., Wang, Y., Wang, B. (2006). Laboratory observations on the life cycle of Cyanea nozakii (Semeostomida Scyphozoa). Acta Zoological Sinica Journal, 52, 389-395.
Fuentes, V., Straehler-Pohl, I. Atienza, D., Franco, I., Tilves, U., Gentile, M., Acevedo, M., Olariaga, A., Gili, J.M. (2011). Life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa Rhizostomeae) and it’s distribution seasonality and inter annual variability along the Catalan coast and the Mar Menor (Spain, NW Mediterranean). Marine Biology Journal, 158, 2274-2266.
Gershwin, L.,Collins, A.G. (2002). A Preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria Scyphozoa) with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb nov. Narural History Journal, 36, 127-148
Grondahl, F., & Hernroth, L. (1987). Release and growth of Cyanea capillata (L.) ephyrae in the Gullmar Fjord, WesternSweden. Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Journal, 106, 91–101.
Holst, S., Jarm, G. (2006). Substrate choice and settlement preferences of planula larvae of five Scyphozoa (Cnidaria) from German Bight North Sea. Marine Biology Journal, 151, 863-871.
Hofmann, D.K., Fitt, W.K., and Fleck, J. (1996). Checkpoints in the life cycle of Cassiopea spp. Control of metagenesis and metamorphosis in a tropical jellyfish. The Intermational Developmental Biology Journal, 40, 311-338.
Jarms, G. (1990). Neubeschreibung dreier Arten der Gattung Nausithoe (Coronata Scyphozoa) sowie Wiederbeschreibung der Art Nausithoe marginata Kolliker, 1853. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums and Instituts Journal,87, 7-39.
Kakinuma, Y. (1967). Development of a scyphozoan Dactylometra pacifica Goette. The Marine Biological Station of Asamushi Journal, 13, 29-34.
Lotan, A., Ben-Hillel, R., Loya, Y. (1992). Life cycle of Rhopilema nomadica a new immigrant scyphomedusan in the Mediterranean. Marine Biology Journal, 112, 237-242.
Morandini, A.C., Silveira, F.L., da Jarm, G. (2004). The life cycle of Chrysaora lacteal Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria Scyphozoa) with notes on the scyphistoma stage of three other species. Hydrobiologia Journal. 530/531, 347-354.
Musig, Y. (1996). Water quality and capacity of fish ponds. Bankok: Kasetsart University Press. 84 p.
Paspaleff, B.W. (1983). Uder die Entwicklung von Rhizostoma pulmo Agass. Trud Chernomorsk Biological Status Varna Journal, 7, 1-25.
Phuangsanthia, W. (2017). Life cycle and effect of temperature, salinity on asexual reproduction of a Rhizostome Jellyfish scyphistoma, Acromitus flagellatus (Maas, 1903) under laboratory condition. Department of Aquatic Science. Burapha University. 133 p.
Pitt, K.A. (2000). Life history and settlement preferences of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology Journal,136(2), 269-279.
Purcell, J.E., White, J.R., Nemazie, D.A., & Wright, D.A. (1999). Temperature, salinity and food effects on asexual reproduction and abundance of the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Marine Ecology Progress Series Journal, 180, 187-196.
Purcell, J.E., Uye, S.I., & Lo, W.T. (2007). Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and direct consequences for humans; a review. Marine Ecology Progress Series Journal, 350, 153-174.
Schiariti. A, Kawahara. M, Uye. S & Mianzan. H.M. (2008). Life cycle of the jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology Journal, 156, 1-12.
Straehler-Pohl, I. Widmer, C.L. & Morandini, AC. (2011). Characterizations of juvenile stage of some smaeostome Scyphozoa (Cnidaria) with recognition of a new family. Zootaxa Journal, 2741, 1-37.
Uchida, T., & Sugiura, Y. (1978). On the polyp of the scyphomedusa, Sanderia malayensis and its reproduction. Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Series VI Zoology Journal, 21(2), 279-286.
Widmer, C.L. (2008). Life cycle of Phacellophora camtschatica (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Invertebrate Biology Journal,125(2), 83-90.
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2018-08-16
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