A Correction of the GEBCO30 Bathymetric Data in the Andaman Sea
Abstract
The general bathymetric data (the GEneral Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans 30 arc-second; GEBCO30) with the resolution of 0.5 nautical miles from 3 areas in the Andaman Sea in the area of Thailand was corrected by comparison with the depth data that was surveyed by ship-line sounding and distributed by the Hydrographic Department, the Royal Thai Navy (Navigation charts; NC) for 17 charts in total. The research is the discrepancy analysis of the GEBCO30 data following the standard of IHO (2008) and correction of GEBCO30 data by using scripts of GMT (Generic Mapping Tools) programming. The result shows that the corrected GEBCO30 data and GEBCO30 data in the Andaman Sea in the area of Thailand of 133,636 data shows depth ranging between (-780)-(0) meters and found that 96.25 % of data has discrepancy from NC data following IHO (2008). If the fine data is required, grids size of the data could be adjusted by resampling grids. The data from this research can be used as the input data into the mathematical model for study the water circulation in the Andaman Sea that required the corrected data because of confident of model result. Keywords : the Andaman Sea, GEBCO30arc-second, ship-line sounding, bathymetric dataReferences
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221, 145 -162.
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Haggart, B.A., Holloway, L.K. & Long, D. (2004).The Holocene Storegga Slide tsunami in the United Kingdom. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23, 2291-2321.
Smith, W.H.F. & Sandwell, D.T. (1997). Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth
soundings. Science, 277, 1956-1962.
Smith, W.H.F. & Sandwell, D.T. (2004). Conventional bathymetry, bathymetry from space, and geodetic
altimetry. Oceanography, 17(1), 8-23.
The GEBCO_08 Grid. (2010). version 20100927, http://www.gebco.net
Velmurugan, A., Swarnam, T.P. & Ravisankar, N. (2006). Assessment of tsunami impact in south Andaman
using remote sensing and GIS. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 34(2), 193-202.
Wessel, P. & Smith, W.H.F. (1998). New improved version of generic mapping tools release. EOS
Transactions American Geophysical Union, 79(47), 579.
Marine Geophysical Researches, 26, 61-75.
Choowong, M., Murakoshi, N., Ken-ichiro Hisada, Charusiri, P., Charoentitirat, T., Chutakositkanon, V.,
Jankaew, K., Kanjanapayont, P. & Phantuwongraj, S. (2008). 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami inflow and outflow at Phuket, Thailand. Marine Geology, 248, 179-192.
Cochard, R., Ranamukhaarachchi, S.L., Shivakoti, G.P., Shipin, O.V., Edwards, P.J., & Seeland, K.T. (2008).
The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 10, 3-40.
Curray, J.R. (2005). Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25,
187-232.
Eguchi, T., Uyeda, S. & Maki, T. (1979).Seismotectonics and tectonic history of the Andaman Sea.
Tectonophysics, 57, 35-51.
Flores, J.A., Johnson, J.E., Mejía-Molina, A.E, Alvarez, M.C., Sierro, F.J., Singh, S.D., Mahanti, S. & Giosan, L.
(2014). Sedimentation rates from calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy
in the Andaman Sea, northern Bay ofBengal, and eastern Arabian Sea. Marine and Petroleum
Geology, 58, 425-437.
Geist, E.L., Titov, V.V., Arcas, D., Pollitz, F.F. & Bilek, S.L. (2007). Implications of the 26 December 2004
Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake on tsunami forecast and assessment models for great subduction-zone earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(1A), 249-270.
Ghobarah, A., Saatcioglu, M. & Nistor, I. (2006). The impact of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and
tsunami on structures and infrastructure. Engineering Structures, 28, 312-326.
Hampton, M.A., Lee, H.J. & Locat, J. (1996) .Submarine landslides. Reviews of Geophysics, 34(1), 33-59.
International Hydrographic Organization; IHO. (2008). IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys: 5th Edition,
SpecialPublication, 44, International Hydrographic Bureau. Monaco. (February 2008).
Jintasaeranee,P., Weinrebe, W.,Klaucke, I., Snidvongs, A. & Flueh, E.R. (2012). Morphology of the Andaman
outer shelf and upper slope of the Thai exclusive economic zone. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 46, 78-85.
Jintasaeranee, P. & Buranapratheprat, A. (2017). A correction of the General Bathymetric Data in the Gulf of
Thailand. Burapha Sci. J., 22(2), 118-134. (in Thai).
Kietpawpan, M., Visuthismajarn, P., Tanavud, C. & Robson, M.G. (2008). Method of calculating tsunami travel
times in the Andaman Sea region. Natural Hazards, 46, 89-106.
Kowalik, Z., Knight, W., Logan, T. & Whitmore, P. (2005). Numerical modelling of the global tsunami:
Indonesian tsunami of 26 December 2004. Science of Tsunami Hazards, 23(1), 40-56.
Kumar, S. (1981). Geodynamics of Burma and Andaman-Nicobar region, on the basis of tectonic stresses
and regional seismicity. Tectonophysics, 79, 75-95.
Lay, T., Kanamori, H., Ammon, C.J., Nettles, M., Ward, S.N., Aster, R.C., Beck, S.L., Bilek, S.L., Brudzinski,
M.R., Butler, R., DeShon, H.R., Ekstroem, G., Satake, K. & Sipkin, S. (2005). The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004. Science, 308, 1127-1133.
López-Venegas, A.M., ten Brink, U.S. & Geist, E.L. (2008). Submarine landslide as the source for the October
11, 1918Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modelling. Marine Geology, 254, 35-46.
McAdoo, B.G. & Watts, P. (2004). Tsunami hazard from submarine landslides on the Oregon continental
slope. Marine Geology, 203, 235-245.
McMurtry, G.M., Watts, P., Fryer, G.J., Smith, J.R. & Imamura, F. (2004). Giant landslides, mega-tsunamis,
and paleo-sea level in the Hawaiian Islands. Marine Geology, 203, 219-233.
Marks, K.M. & Smith, W.H.F. (2005). 2500m isobath from satellite bathymetry: Accuracy assessment in light
of IHO S-44 standards. International Hydrographic Review, 6(2), 1-11.
Polachan, S. & Racey, A. (1993). Lower Miocene larger foraminifera and petroleum potential of the Tai
Formation, Mergui Group, Andaman Sea. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 8(1-4),
487- 496.
Raju, K.A.K., Ramprasad, T., Rao, P.S., Rao, B.R. & Varghese, J. (2004). New insights into the tectonic
evolution of the Andaman basin, northeast Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
221, 145 -162.
Rodolfo, K.S. (1969). Sediments of the Andaman Basin, Northeastern Indian Ocean. Marine Geology,
7, 371 - 402.
Sandwell, D.T. (1991). Geophysical applications of satellite altimetry. Reviews of Geophysics, 132-137.
Sandwell, D.T., Smith, W.H.F., Gille, S., Kappel, E., Jayne, S., Soofi, K., Coakley, B. & Geli, L. (2006).
Bathymetry from space : Rationale and requirements for a new, high-resolution altimetric mission.
C.R. Geoscience, 338, 1049 -1062.
Smith, D.E., Shi, S., Cullingford, R.A., Dawson, A.G., Dawson, S., Firth, C.R., Foster, I.D.L., Fretwell, P.T.,
Haggart, B.A., Holloway, L.K. & Long, D. (2004).The Holocene Storegga Slide tsunami in the United Kingdom. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23, 2291-2321.
Smith, W.H.F. & Sandwell, D.T. (1997). Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth
soundings. Science, 277, 1956-1962.
Smith, W.H.F. & Sandwell, D.T. (2004). Conventional bathymetry, bathymetry from space, and geodetic
altimetry. Oceanography, 17(1), 8-23.
The GEBCO_08 Grid. (2010). version 20100927, http://www.gebco.net
Velmurugan, A., Swarnam, T.P. & Ravisankar, N. (2006). Assessment of tsunami impact in south Andaman
using remote sensing and GIS. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 34(2), 193-202.
Wessel, P. & Smith, W.H.F. (1998). New improved version of generic mapping tools release. EOS
Transactions American Geophysical Union, 79(47), 579.
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2018-11-02
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