Diversity of Thraustochytrids Isolated from Mangrove Leaves at Thung Prong Tong, Rayong Province
Abstract
Diversity, frequency of occurrence and fatty acid content of thraustochytrids isolated from fallen leaves of 12 mangrove trees at Thung Prong Tong, Rayong Province were studied in the dry and rainy season. Three genera (7 species) were identified as genus Aurantiochytrium (5 species, Aurantiochytrium sp.1, Aurantiochytrium sp.2, Aurantiochytrium sp.3, Aurantiochytrium sp.4 and Aurantiochytrium sp.5), genus Parietichytrium (1 species, Parietichytrium sp.), genus Schizochytrium (1 species, Schizochytrium sp.2). Two species of unidentified thraustochytrids were Thraustochytriidae 6 and Thraustochytriidae 7. The average frequency of occurrence of thraustochytrids was 2.5-52.5%, which showed higher in the rainy season than that of dry season. The average biomass of Thraustochytrids were in a range of 15.63±3.03-22.87±0.80 g/L, which the highest found in Aurantiochytrium sp.1. For fatty acid content, Aurantiochytrium sp.1 had the highest content of Arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, ARA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3, EPA) of 0.43±0.20 mg/g dry wt. (0.1±0.04 % of total fatty acid) and 1.67±1.17 mg/g dry wt. (0.35±0.20% of total fatty acid), respectively. While the highest amount of Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-6, DPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) were found in Aurantiochytrium sp.3 at 39.40±6.17 mg/g dry wt. (8.06±0.53% of total fatty acid) and 137.23±25.61 mg/g dry wt. (31.68±2.72% of total fatty acid), respectively. Aurantiochytrium sp.1 is the appropriate stain for further industrial uses.References
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Unagul, P., Suetrong, S., Preedanon, S., Klaysuban, A., Gundool, W., Suriyachadkun, C., & Sakayaroj, J. (2017). Isolation, Fatty Acid Profiles and Cryopreservation of Marine Thraustochytrids from Mangrove Habitats
in Thailand. Botanica Marina, 60(4), 363-379.
Vishniac, H.S. (1960). Salt Requiremaents of Marine Phycomycetes. Limnology and Oceanology, 5, 362-365.
Ward, O.P., & Singh, A. (2005). Omega-3/6 Fatty Acids: Alternative Sources of Production. Process Biochemistry.
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Yimyuan, K. (2007). Diversity and Fatty Acid Composition in Thraustochytrids Isolated from Mangrove Leaves at Leam Pak Bia, Phetchaburi Province. Environmental Science Program, Burapha University. (in Thai).
Yokoyama, R., & Honda, D. (2007). Taxonomic Rearrangement of the Genus Schizochytrium sensu lato Based on
Morphology, Chemotaxonomic Characteristics, and 18S rRNA Gene Phylogeny (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulomycetes): Emendation for Schizochytrium and Erection of Aurantiochytrium and Oblongichytrium Gen. nov. Mycoscience, 48(4), 199-211.
Yokayama, R. Salleh, B., & Honda, D. (2007). Taxonomic Rearrangement of the Genus Ulkenia sensu lato Based on Morphology, Chemotaxonomical Characteristics, and 18S rRNA Gene Phylogeny (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulomycetes): Emendation for Ulkenia and Erection of Botryochytrium, Parietichytrium, and Sicyoidochytrium Gen. nov. Mycoscience, 48, 329-341.
Boontang, S. (2005). Diversity and Classification of Thraustochytrids Isolated from Fallen Mangrove Leaves
Collected from Ban Pred Nai, Trad Province. Department of Biological Science, Burapha University.
(in Thai).
Byreddy, A.R., Gupta, A., Barrow. C.J., & Puri, M. (2015). Comparison of Cell Disruption Methods for Improving Lipid Extraction from Thraustochytrid Strains. Marine Drugs, 13(8), 5111-5127.
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. (2012). Mangrove Area, Rayong Province. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://www.dmce.go.th.
Iamla-Or, K., Jaritkhuan, S., & Suanjit, S. (2012). Diversity of Thraustochytrids in Mangrove Forest at Samutsakhon Province. Department of Aquatic Science, Burapha University. (in Thai).
Jantaban, J., Jaritkhuan, S., & Suanjit, S. (2007). Diversity of Thraustochytrids Isolated from Mangrove Leaves at
Bangkhunthean, Bangkok. In 8th National Grad Research Conference 7-8 September, 2007. Mahidol
University Salaya. (in Thai).
Jaritkhuan, S., Suanjit, S., & Manthachitra, V. (2006). Marine Microbes from Mangrove Forests: Alternative Source of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids for Sustainable Production. Faculty of Science, Burapha University.
(in Thai).
Jaritkhuan, S.,& Suanjit, S. (2017). Diversity of Thraustochytrids Isolated from Seagrass (Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog) at Toey-Ngam Beach, Amphur Sattahip, Chon Buri Province. In 8th Annual Conference Under the Plant Genetic Conservation Project Under the Royal Initiative of Her Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi Province. (pp. 247-255). (in Thai).
Jaritkhuan, S., & Suanjit, S. (2018) Species Diversity and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content of Thraustochytrids from Fallen Mangrove Leaves in Chon Buri Province, Thailand. Agriculture and Natural Resources, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2018.05.002.
Jensen, P.R., Jenkins, K.M., Porter, D., & Fenical, W. (1998). Evidence that a New Antibiotic Flavone Glycoside Chemically Defends the Sea Grass Thalassia testudinum against Zoosporic Fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(4),1490-1496.
Pongsaussvapaiboon, K. (2008). Isolation and Optimization of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production by Schizochytrium. Department of Biotechnology, Thammasat University. (In Thai).
Li, Z.Y., & Ward. (1994). Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Thraustochytrium roseum. Journal industrial Microbiology, 13(4), 238-241.
Marchan, L.F., Chang, K.J.L., Nichols, P.D., Mitchell, W.J., Polglase, J.L., & Gutierrez, T. (2017). Taxonomy, Ecology and Biotechnological Applications of Thraustochytrids: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 36(1), 26-46.
Naganuma, T., Kimura, H., Karimoto, R., & Pimenov, N.V. (2006). Abundance of Planktonic Thraustochytrids and Bacteria and the Concentration of Particulate ATP in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. National Institute of Polar Research, 20, 37-45.
Niyomdecha, A., Sririkanont, S., & Khongsen, M. (2013). Using of Omega Fatty Acid on Productive Performances and Carcass Quality of Swine. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal, 5, 122-131.
Prayoonpan, M. (2006). Fatty acid Composition in Thraustochytrids Isolated from Fallen Mangrove Leaves at Mueang Dictricts Samut Prakan Province. Department of Aquatic Science, Burapha University. (in Thai).
Raghukumar, S. (2002). Ecology of the Marine Protist, the Labyrinthulomycetes (Thraustochytrids and
Labyrinthulids). European Journal of Protistology, 38(2), 127-145.
Raghukumar, S. (2008). Thraustochytrid Marine Protists: Production of PUFAs and Other Emerging Technologies. Marine Biotechnology, 10(6), 631-640.
Ranasinghe, C. (2013). Straminipilan Protists: A Study of their Taxonomic Position, Morphology and Abiotic Stress-Mediated Gene Expression. Faculty of Health: Queensland University of Technology.
Santangello, G., Bongiorni, L., & Pignataro, L. (2000). Abundance of Thraustochytrids and Ciliated Protozoans in a Mediterranean Sandy Shore Determined by an Improved, Direct Method. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 23(1), 55-61.
Shimizu, S., Kawashima, H., Shinmen, Y., Akitamo, K., & Yamada, H. (1988). Production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Mortierella Fungi. Journal on the American Oil Chemists Society, 65(9), 1455-1459.
Simopoulos, A.P. (2001). The Importance of the Ratio of Omega-6/-3 Essential Fatty Acids. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 56(8), 365-379.
Uauy, R., Hoffman D.R., Peirano, P., Birch, D.G., & Birc, E.E. (2001). Essential Fatty Acids in Visuak and Brain
Development. Lipids, 36(9), 885-895.
Unagul, P., Suetrong, S., Preedanon, S., Klaysuban, A., Gundool, W., Suriyachadkun, C., & Sakayaroj, J. (2017). Isolation, Fatty Acid Profiles and Cryopreservation of Marine Thraustochytrids from Mangrove Habitats
in Thailand. Botanica Marina, 60(4), 363-379.
Vishniac, H.S. (1960). Salt Requiremaents of Marine Phycomycetes. Limnology and Oceanology, 5, 362-365.
Ward, O.P., & Singh, A. (2005). Omega-3/6 Fatty Acids: Alternative Sources of Production. Process Biochemistry.
40(12), 3627-3652.
Yimyuan, K. (2007). Diversity and Fatty Acid Composition in Thraustochytrids Isolated from Mangrove Leaves at Leam Pak Bia, Phetchaburi Province. Environmental Science Program, Burapha University. (in Thai).
Yokoyama, R., & Honda, D. (2007). Taxonomic Rearrangement of the Genus Schizochytrium sensu lato Based on
Morphology, Chemotaxonomic Characteristics, and 18S rRNA Gene Phylogeny (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulomycetes): Emendation for Schizochytrium and Erection of Aurantiochytrium and Oblongichytrium Gen. nov. Mycoscience, 48(4), 199-211.
Yokayama, R. Salleh, B., & Honda, D. (2007). Taxonomic Rearrangement of the Genus Ulkenia sensu lato Based on Morphology, Chemotaxonomical Characteristics, and 18S rRNA Gene Phylogeny (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulomycetes): Emendation for Ulkenia and Erection of Botryochytrium, Parietichytrium, and Sicyoidochytrium Gen. nov. Mycoscience, 48, 329-341.
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2018-06-13
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