Selection and Efficiency of Lignin Degradation by Bacteria Isolated from Wastewater in the Pulp and Paper Industry
Abstract
The aims of this research were to isolate lignin-degrading bacteria from wastewater in the pulp and paper industry and to study lignin degradation efficiency of selected bacteria in the synthetic lignin wastewater. Thirty bacterial isolates (VP1-VP30) obtained by randomly colonial selection were primarily tested for lignin peroxidase enzyme production on minimal salt medium (MSM) containing 0.25 g/L methylene blue. As a result, 14 isolates could generate the varying clear zone with the largest size of 4.0 millimeters. Among these isolates, VP13 VP16 VP19 and VP23 isolates showed the increasing clear zone from 2.0-3.0 millimeters (day 5) to 3.0-4.0 millimeters (day 7); and all of them were gram positive bacteria with rod-shape. Thus, these 4 isolates together with Bacillus subtilis laboratory strain were selected for further testing lignin degradation efficiency using synthetic lignin wastewater. The results found that the VP16 isolate could more efficiently decolorize lignin presented in synthetic lignin wastewater after incubating 15 days by observing the physical color appearance, and it showed efficient degradation of lignin by giving removal efficiency of 41.20%, which was 1.4-2.6 times higher than that from other isolates and B. subtilis by measuring concentration of lignin at OD280. In addition, VP16 isolate had the highest removal efficiency of 33.33% for reducing COD in synthetic lignin wastewater tested by close reflux method; meanwhile, the removal efficiency of 15.39% was observed from B. subtilis. Keywords: wastewater in the pulp and paper industry; lignin; lignin-degrading bacteria; lignin peroxidaseReferences
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Chitpirom, K. & Sangaroon, P. (2012). Detection of lipolytic bacteria from environmental samples. Journal of Public Health, 42(3), 3-18. (in Thai)
Chooaksorn, W. (2012). Color removal technology in industrial wastewater. Burapha Science Journal, 17(1), 181-191. (in Thai)
Datta, R., Kelkar, A., Baraniya, D., Molaei, A., Moulick, A., Meena, R.S. & Formanek, P. (2017). Enzymatic
de- gradation of lignin in soil. Sustainability, 9, 1-18.
de Gonzalo, G., Colpa, D.I., Habib, M.H.M., & Fraaije, M.W. (2016). Bacterial enzymes involved in lignin degradation. Journal of Biotechnology, 236,110–119.
El-Hanafy, A.A., Abd-Elsalam, H.E., & Hafez, E.E. (2007). Finger printing for the lignin degrading bacteria from the soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(6), 470-475, 2007.
Eslami, H., Khavidak, S.S., Salehi, F., Khosravi, R., ali Fallahzadeh, R., Peirovi, R., Sadeghi, S. (2017). Biodegradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution by bacteria isolated from contaminated soil. J Adv Environ Health Res, 5, 10-15.
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Ferreira-Leitao V. S., Andrade de Carvalho M. E., & Bon Elba P. S. (2007). Lignin peroxidase efficiency for methylene blue decolouration: comparison to reported methods. Dyes Pigments, 74, 230–236.
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Harith, Z.T., Ibrahim, N.A., & Yusoff, A. (2014). Isolation and identification of locally isolated lignin degrading bacteria. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 9(2), 114-118.
Huang, X., Santhanam, N., Badri, D.V., Hunter, W.J., Manter, D.K., Decker, S.R., Vivanco, J.M., & Reardon, K.F. (2013). Isolation and characterization of lignin-degrading bacteria from rainforest soils. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 110(6), 1616-1626.
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Lotfi, G. (2014). Lignin-degrading bacteria. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 20(1), 64-68.
Kallavus, U., Kärner, K., Kärner, K. & Elomaa, M. (2015). Rapid semi-quantitative determination of aspen lignin in lignocellulosic products. In Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. (pp. 105-112).
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Ministry of Industry, (2017). Establishment of standards for wastewater discharge from factories: 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017, from http://www.diw.go.th/hawk/news/ประกาศ อก.น้ำทิ้ง.PDF.
Pawongrat, R. (2015). Pretreatment processes for enhancing the efficiency of ethanol production from lingo-cellulosic agricultural wastes. Veridian E-Journal, Science and Technology Silpakorn University, 2(1), 14-157. (in Thai)
Raj, A., Reddy, M.K. & Chandra, R. (2007). Decolourisation and treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by lignin-degrading Bacillus sp.. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 82, 399-406.
Rojpanit, K., Tungkananurak, N. & Tungkananurak, N. (2017). Tapioca flour plant wastewater treatment with isolated effective indigenous bacteria from wastewater. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 6(2), 140-150. (in Thai)
Sasikumar, V., Priya, V., Shankar, C.S. & Sekar, D.S. (2014). Isolation and preliminary screening of lignin degrading microbes. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 3(6), 291-294.
Siripornvisal, S. (2010). Enzyme technology in the paper industry. Technology Promotion Association, 37(213), 69-73. (in Thai)
Songrit, C. & Kositanont, C. (2014). Effect of microbial inoculum addition for wastewater treatment. In The 15th Graduate Research Conferences: 50 Years Khon Kean University of Social Devotion. (pp. 719-724). (in Thai)
Suksa-Ard, S. (2007). Molecular Cloning of Ligninase Gene from White-rot Fungi for Strain Improvement. (Doctoral thesis, Kasetsart University).
Verma, M. & Ekka, A. (2015). Kraft lignin degradation through bacterial strain isolated from soils of timber areas. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 1(6), 28-32.
Wang, L., Nie, Y., Tang, Y., Song, X., Cao, K., Sun, L., Wang, Z., & Wu, X. (2016). Diverse bacteria with lignin degrading potentials isolated from two ranks of coal. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1428.
Yonsuwan, D. (2009). Determination of importants factors for black liquor lignin separation by electrochemical and physical process. (Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University). (in Thai)
Apiwatanapiwat, W., Kreetachat, T. & Vaithanomsat, P. (2007). Decolorization of effluent from pulp and paper mill by ozone oxidation. In Proceedings of 45th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Architecture and Engineering and Natural Resources and Environment. (pp. 825-834). (in Thai)
Bandary, B., Hussain, Z., Kumar, R. (2016). Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on Escherichia coli bacteria in removing dyes. Materials Today: Proceedings, 3, 4023-4028.
Bandounas, L., Wierckx, N.J.P., de Winde, J.H., Ruijssenaars, H.J. (2011). Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains exhibiting ligninolytic potential. BMC Biotechnol, 11, 94.
Baird, R.B., Eaton, A.D. & Rice, E.W. (2017). Chemical oxygen demand (COD): closed reflux, titrimetric method. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd Edition.
(pp.240-241). Washington DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association & Water Environment Federation.
Bholay, A.D., Borkhataria, B. V., Jadhav, P.U., Palekar, K.S., Dhalkari, M. V. & Nalawade, P.M. (2012). Bacterial lignin peroxidase: a tool for biobleaching and biodegradation of industrial effluents. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 2(1), 58-64
Chitpirom, K. & Sangaroon, P. (2012). Detection of lipolytic bacteria from environmental samples. Journal of Public Health, 42(3), 3-18. (in Thai)
Chooaksorn, W. (2012). Color removal technology in industrial wastewater. Burapha Science Journal, 17(1), 181-191. (in Thai)
Datta, R., Kelkar, A., Baraniya, D., Molaei, A., Moulick, A., Meena, R.S. & Formanek, P. (2017). Enzymatic
de- gradation of lignin in soil. Sustainability, 9, 1-18.
de Gonzalo, G., Colpa, D.I., Habib, M.H.M., & Fraaije, M.W. (2016). Bacterial enzymes involved in lignin degradation. Journal of Biotechnology, 236,110–119.
El-Hanafy, A.A., Abd-Elsalam, H.E., & Hafez, E.E. (2007). Finger printing for the lignin degrading bacteria from the soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(6), 470-475, 2007.
Eslami, H., Khavidak, S.S., Salehi, F., Khosravi, R., ali Fallahzadeh, R., Peirovi, R., Sadeghi, S. (2017). Biodegradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution by bacteria isolated from contaminated soil. J Adv Environ Health Res, 5, 10-15.
Falade, A.O., Nwodo, U.U., Iweriebor, B.C., Green, E., Mabinya ,L.V., Okoh, A.I. (2017). Lignin peroxidase functionalities and prospective applications. Microbiologyopen, 6, e00394.
Ferreira-Leitao V. S., Andrade de Carvalho M. E., & Bon Elba P. S. (2007). Lignin peroxidase efficiency for methylene blue decolouration: comparison to reported methods. Dyes Pigments, 74, 230–236.
Fuangkaeow, M. (2015). The utilization of fly ash and consructed wetland for tertiary treatment of effluent pulp and paper industrial wastewater treatment plant. (Master’s thesis, Kasetsart University). (in Thai)
Harith, Z.T., Ibrahim, N.A., & Yusoff, A. (2014). Isolation and identification of locally isolated lignin degrading bacteria. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 9(2), 114-118.
Huang, X., Santhanam, N., Badri, D.V., Hunter, W.J., Manter, D.K., Decker, S.R., Vivanco, J.M., & Reardon, K.F. (2013). Isolation and characterization of lignin-degrading bacteria from rainforest soils. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 110(6), 1616-1626.
Li, J., Yuan, H. & Yang, J. (2009). Bacteria and lignin degradation. Frontier of Biology in China, 4(1), 29–38.
Lotfi, G. (2014). Lignin-degrading bacteria. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 20(1), 64-68.
Kallavus, U., Kärner, K., Kärner, K. & Elomaa, M. (2015). Rapid semi-quantitative determination of aspen lignin in lignocellulosic products. In Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. (pp. 105-112).
Maneechai, P. & Thongkrua, S. (2016). Isolation of lignin peroxidase producing bacteria from mulberry pulp and paper mill wastewater and soil of dipterocarp forest in university of Phayao area. In National Academic Conference 12th Naresuan Research: Research and Innovation with Country Development. (pp. 127-137). (in Thai)
Min, K., Gong, G., Woo, H.M., Kim, Y., Um, Y. (2015). A dye-decolorizing peroxidasefrom Bacillus subtilis exhibiting substrate-dependent optimum temperature for dyes and B-ether lignin dimer. Sci Rep.,
5, 8245.
Ministry of Industry, (2017). Establishment of standards for wastewater discharge from factories: 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017, from http://www.diw.go.th/hawk/news/ประกาศ อก.น้ำทิ้ง.PDF.
Pawongrat, R. (2015). Pretreatment processes for enhancing the efficiency of ethanol production from lingo-cellulosic agricultural wastes. Veridian E-Journal, Science and Technology Silpakorn University, 2(1), 14-157. (in Thai)
Raj, A., Reddy, M.K. & Chandra, R. (2007). Decolourisation and treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by lignin-degrading Bacillus sp.. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 82, 399-406.
Rojpanit, K., Tungkananurak, N. & Tungkananurak, N. (2017). Tapioca flour plant wastewater treatment with isolated effective indigenous bacteria from wastewater. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 6(2), 140-150. (in Thai)
Sasikumar, V., Priya, V., Shankar, C.S. & Sekar, D.S. (2014). Isolation and preliminary screening of lignin degrading microbes. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 3(6), 291-294.
Siripornvisal, S. (2010). Enzyme technology in the paper industry. Technology Promotion Association, 37(213), 69-73. (in Thai)
Songrit, C. & Kositanont, C. (2014). Effect of microbial inoculum addition for wastewater treatment. In The 15th Graduate Research Conferences: 50 Years Khon Kean University of Social Devotion. (pp. 719-724). (in Thai)
Suksa-Ard, S. (2007). Molecular Cloning of Ligninase Gene from White-rot Fungi for Strain Improvement. (Doctoral thesis, Kasetsart University).
Verma, M. & Ekka, A. (2015). Kraft lignin degradation through bacterial strain isolated from soils of timber areas. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 1(6), 28-32.
Wang, L., Nie, Y., Tang, Y., Song, X., Cao, K., Sun, L., Wang, Z., & Wu, X. (2016). Diverse bacteria with lignin degrading potentials isolated from two ranks of coal. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1428.
Yonsuwan, D. (2009). Determination of importants factors for black liquor lignin separation by electrochemical and physical process. (Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University). (in Thai)
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2018-11-02
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