Application of Statistical Experimental Methods to Optimize Medium for Organic Acid Fermentation from Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Fruit by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR 5044 for Natural Rubber Coagulant
Abstract
The study investigated on medium optimization for production of organic acid from Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) fruit by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR 5044 through fermentation, using the two–level factorial design and response surface method. The two–level factorial experiment was designed by setting four parameters at the lowest and highest of concentrations. The organic acid produced by fermentation of Bilimbi fruit was used as natural rubber coagulant. The results of the two–level factorial design revealed that the organic acid production with the ratio of Bilimbi fruit : water : molasse : Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR 5044 fermented in 25L plastic bucket for 10 days at room temperature yielded 23.40 percent of organic acid, which was 1.4 times higher than that obtained in the original medium. The yield of organic acid in medium containing Bilimbi fruit : water:molasse : Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR 5044 at the ratio of 25:13:13: 7 which predicted by response surface methodology was 22.78 percent. The organic acids from this fermentation analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography consisted of L–malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid at 507.140, 2,827.442, 2,064.356 and 1,325.335 ppm respectively. The suitable amount of organic acid from Bilimbi fruit and commercial organic acid for 300 ml of natural rubber latex are 30 ml. The cure time of natural rubber coagulant was 4 min. whereas the formic acid was 24 min. The color of natural rubber cured by organic acid from Bilimbi fruit was darker than that of commercially available organic acid and formic acid. Keywords : experimental design, Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) , organic acid, natural rubber coagulant, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR 5044References
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Thailand. Journal Aerosol Research, 21(2), 122–129.
Baimark, Y.,Niamsa, N. (2009). Study on wood vinegars for use as coagulating and antifungal agents
on the production of natural rubber sheets. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 994–998.
Ferreira, V.S., Rego, I.N.C., Pastore, F., Mandai, M.M., Mendes, L.S., Santos, K.A.M.,Rubim, J.C.,Suarez,
P.A.Z. (2005). The use of smoke acid as an alternative coagulating agent for natural rubber sheets
production. Bioresource Technology, 96, 605–609.
Fernando Dinesh M.G.,Kaluarachchi C.I. (2012). Death due to adult respiratory distress distress
syndrome following assault with rubber acid could it have been averted?. Sri Lanka Journal
of Forensic Medicine. Science and Law, 3(1), 13–15.
Jansen, M., Veurink, J.H., Euverink, G.W., Dijkhuizen, L. (2003). Growth of the salt–tolerant yeast
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in microtiter plates: effects of NaCl, pH and temperature on growth and
fusel alcohol production from branched–chain amino acids. FEMS Yeast Research,3, 313–318.
Jiménez–Quero, A., Pollet, E., Zhao, M., Marchioni, E., Averous, L., Phalip, V. (2017). Fungal
fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass for ltaconic and fumaric acid production. Journal
Microbiology Biotechnology, 27(1), 1–8.
John, S., Issac, J.M.,Joseph, R. (2011). Mechanical properties of natural rubber latex coagulated by
a novel coagulated–yeast. International Journal of advanced engineering sciences and technologies, 8(2), 177–178.
Johar, N.A.M., Hassan, M.A., Zakaria, M.R., Yee, M.R., Shirai, Y. Ariffin, H. (2012). Evaluation of factors
affecting polyhydroxyalkanoates production by Comamonas sp. EB172 using central composite
design. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 8(3), 184–190.
Holzapfel, W.H. (2002). Appropriate starter culture technologies for small–scale fermentation in developing
countries. International Journal Food Microbiology, 75, 197–212.
Informer Technologies, Inc. ( 2017). Design expert 8.0.7.1 trial version social advice. Retrieved September
9, 2017, from http://softadvice.informer.com/Design_Expert_8.0.7.1_Trial_Version.html
Kishore, K.A., Reddy, V. (2012). Recent developments in optimization of citric acid fermentation process–A
review. International Journal of General Engineering and Technology, 1(1), 55–63.
Liawruangrath, P., Liawruangrath, B., Liawruangrath, S. (2015). Determination of organic acids in avocado
fermented juice by high performance liquid chromatography. Chiang Mai Journal Science, 42(1),
208–215.
Lungmann, P., Choorit, W., Prasertsan, P. (2007). Application of statistical experimental methods to optimize
medium for exopolymer production by newly isolated Halobacterium sp. SM5. Electronic Journal of
Biotechnology, 10(1), 1–14.
Melo, I.R., Pimentel, M.F., Lopes, C.E., Calazans, G.M.T. (2007). Application of fractional factorial design to
levan production by Zymomonas mobilis. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38, 45–51.
Omay, D. Guvenilir, Y. (2012). Lactic acid fermentation from refectory waste: Factorial design analysis.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(30), 7693–7700.
Patel, S.A.,Parikh, S.C. (1016). Production of Lactic Acid from Whey by Lactobacillus sp. Isolated from
Local Dairy Products. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences,
5(5), 734–741.
Phetphaisit, W. Theangphet, P., Udeye, V.,Sa–nguanthanmmarong, P. 2012. Effect of bio–organic
liquid as a rubber coagulant for natural rubber sheets production. Naresuan University Science Journal, 9(1), 68–79.
Pribylova, L., de Montigny, J.,Sychrova, H. (2007). Osmoresistant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii:
the two most studied wild–type strains (ATCC 2623 and ATCC 42981) differ in osmotolerance and
glycerol metabolism. Yeast , 24, 171–180.
Song, H.,Lee, S.Y. (2006). Production of succinic acid by bacterial fermentation. Enzyme and Microbial
Technology, 39, 352–361.
Sundberg, C., Jonsson, H. 2005. Preocess inhibition due to organic acid in fed–batch compositing of
food waste–influence of staring culture. Biodegradation, 16, 205–213.
Tekasakul, P.,Tekasakul, S. (2006). Environmental problems related to natural rubber production in
Thailand. Journal Aerosol Research, 21(2), 122–129.
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2017-12-01
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