Inhibitory Effects of Crude Leaf Extract of Lemongrass on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Its Antioxidant Property
Abstract
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) is a common herb and spice found in traditional Thai cuisine. Only its stem is commercially available in the market; however, the leaf is taken inexpensively as a source for essential oil extraction. Therefore, the goal of this research is to increase the economical value of lemongrass leaf by providing information on bioactive properties of the crude leaf extract in an attempt to develop a novel healthcare product. Results revealed that hexane extract obtained from lemongrass leaf extremely inhibited alpha-amylase activity (IC50 = 26.6 μg/ml), whereas ethanol extract significantly inhibited lipase activity (IC50 = 97.2 μg/ml) as well as exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 96.7 μg/ml from DPPH assay). Interestingly, none of the extract showed anti-trypsin activity, suggesting that the extract selectively inhibited starch and fat hydrolysis in the digestive system. Taken together, lemongrass leaf has the potential to be functional food or herbal medicine for preventing and curing diabetes and obesity. Keywords : lemongrass leaf, alpha-amylase, lipase, trypsin, antioxidantReferences
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Adeneye, A.A. and Agbaje, E.O. (2007). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fresh leaf aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 112, 440-444.
Adisakwattana, S., Lerdsuwankij, O., Poputtachai, U., Minipun, A., and Suparpprom, C. (2011). Inhibitory activity of cinnamon bark species and their combination effect with acarbose against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Formerly Qualitas Plantarum), 66(2),
143-148.
Agbafor, K. and Akubugwo, E. (2007). Hypocholesterolaemic effect of ethanolic extract of fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). African Journal of Biotechnology 6, 596-598.
Avoseh, O., Oyedeji, O., Rungqu, P., Nkeh-Chungag, B. and Oyedeji, A. (2015). Cymbopogon species; ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and the pharmacological importance. Molecules, 20, 7438- 7453.
Bassolé, I., Lamien-Meda, A., Bayala, B., Obame, L., Ilboudo, A., Franz, C., Novak, J., Nebié, R., Dicko, M. (2011). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils alone and in combination. Phytomedicine, 18, 1070-1074.
Bharti, S. K., Kumar, A., Prakash, O., Krishnan, S., and Gupta, A. K. (2013). Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus against diabetes: Validation by in vivo experiments and computational studies. Bioanalysis & Biomedicine, 5, 194-203.
Boaduo, N. Katerere, D. Eloff, J. and Naidoo, V. (2014). Evaluation of six plant species used traditionally in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in South Africa using in vitro methods. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52, 756-761.
Carlini, E.A., Contar, J.D.D., Silva-Filho, A.R., Da Silveira-Filho, N.G., Frochtengarten, M.L. and Bueno, O.F. (1986). Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 17, 37-64.
Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodriguez, J. and Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. (2005). Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 2511-2517.
Costa, C.A., Bidinotto, L.T., Takahira, R.K., Salvadori, D.M., Barbisan, L.F. and Costa, M. (2011). Cholesterol reduction and lack of genotoxic or toxic effects in mice after repeated 21-day oral intake of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49, 2268-2272.
Ekpenyong, C.E., Akpan, E.E. and Daniel, N.E. (2014). Phytochemical Constituents, Therapeutic Applications and Toxicological Profile of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (DC) Leaf Extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(1), 133-141.
Elhassan, I. A., Eltayeb, I. M., and Khalafalla, E. B. (2016). Physiochemical investigation of essential oils from three Cymbopogon species cultivated in Sudan. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5(1), 24.
Jelenkovic, L., Jovanovic, V. S., Palic, I., Mitic, V., and Radulovic, M. (2014). In Vitro Screening of α-Amylase Inhibition by Selected Terpenes from Essential Oils. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(9), 1421-1428.
Jumepaeng, T., Prachakool, S., Luthria, D.L. and Chanthai, S. (2013). Determination of antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of the essential oils from citronella grass and lemongrass. International Food Research Journal , 20(1), 481-485.
Kähkönen, M.P., Hopia, A.I., Vuorela, H.J., Rauha, J.P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T.S. and Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 3954-3962.
Leite, J., Maria De Lourdes, V.S., Maluf, E., Assolant, K., Suchecki, D., Tufik, S., Klepacz, S., Calil, H.M. and Carlini, E. (1986). Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). III. Assessment of eventual toxic, hypnotic and anxiolytic effects on humans. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 17, 75-83.
Mansour, H.A., Newairy, A.S., Yousef, M.I. and Sheweita, S.A. (2002). Biochemical study on the effects of some Egyptian herbs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Toxicology, 170, 221-228.
Masuda, T., Odaka, Y., Ogawa, N., Nakamoto, K. and Kuninaga, H. (2007). Identification of geranic acid, a tyrosinase inhibitor in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 597-601.
Padul, M., Chougale, A., Zambare, V., Naikwade, S., Shaikh, F., Shinde, K., Dama, L. and Salve, A. (2012).
In vitro screening of proteinase inhibitors (trypsin, chymotrypsin and Helicoverpa gut proteinase inhibitors) in different plant tissue extracts. Trends in Biotechnology Research, 1, 7-14.
Pereira, R.P., Fachinetto, R., de Souza Prestes, A., Puntel, R.L., Santos da Silva, G.N., Heinzmann, B.M., Boschetti, T.K., Athayde, M.L., Bürger, M.E., Morel, A.F. and Morsch, V.M. (2009). Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita and Cymbopogon citratus. Neurochemical Research Journal, 34, 973-983.
Sangchan, A., Bootdee, A. and Chanroj, S. (2016). Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamon and Garcinia Crude
Extracts on Alpha-amylase, Lipase, Trypsin and Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Burapha Science Journal, 21(3), 268-278. (in Thai)
Sharma, O.P. and Bhat, T.K. (2009). DPPH antioxidant assay revisited. Food chemistry, 113, 1202-1205.
Souza, S., Pereira, L., Souza, A. and Santos, C. (2012). Seleção de extratos brutos de plantas com atividade antiobesidade. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 14, 643-648.
Wong, K.K., Signal, F.A., Campion, S.H. and Motion, R.L. (2005). Citronella as an insect repellent in food packaging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 4633-4636.
Wongsa, P., Chaiwarit, J. and Zamaludien, A. (2012). In vitro screening of phenolic compounds, potential inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of culinary herbs in Thailand. Food Chemistry,
131, 964-971.
Adeneye, A.A. and Agbaje, E.O. (2007). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fresh leaf aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 112, 440-444.
Adisakwattana, S., Lerdsuwankij, O., Poputtachai, U., Minipun, A., and Suparpprom, C. (2011). Inhibitory activity of cinnamon bark species and their combination effect with acarbose against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Formerly Qualitas Plantarum), 66(2),
143-148.
Agbafor, K. and Akubugwo, E. (2007). Hypocholesterolaemic effect of ethanolic extract of fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). African Journal of Biotechnology 6, 596-598.
Avoseh, O., Oyedeji, O., Rungqu, P., Nkeh-Chungag, B. and Oyedeji, A. (2015). Cymbopogon species; ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and the pharmacological importance. Molecules, 20, 7438- 7453.
Bassolé, I., Lamien-Meda, A., Bayala, B., Obame, L., Ilboudo, A., Franz, C., Novak, J., Nebié, R., Dicko, M. (2011). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils alone and in combination. Phytomedicine, 18, 1070-1074.
Bharti, S. K., Kumar, A., Prakash, O., Krishnan, S., and Gupta, A. K. (2013). Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus against diabetes: Validation by in vivo experiments and computational studies. Bioanalysis & Biomedicine, 5, 194-203.
Boaduo, N. Katerere, D. Eloff, J. and Naidoo, V. (2014). Evaluation of six plant species used traditionally in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in South Africa using in vitro methods. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52, 756-761.
Carlini, E.A., Contar, J.D.D., Silva-Filho, A.R., Da Silveira-Filho, N.G., Frochtengarten, M.L. and Bueno, O.F. (1986). Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 17, 37-64.
Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodriguez, J. and Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. (2005). Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 2511-2517.
Costa, C.A., Bidinotto, L.T., Takahira, R.K., Salvadori, D.M., Barbisan, L.F. and Costa, M. (2011). Cholesterol reduction and lack of genotoxic or toxic effects in mice after repeated 21-day oral intake of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49, 2268-2272.
Ekpenyong, C.E., Akpan, E.E. and Daniel, N.E. (2014). Phytochemical Constituents, Therapeutic Applications and Toxicological Profile of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (DC) Leaf Extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(1), 133-141.
Elhassan, I. A., Eltayeb, I. M., and Khalafalla, E. B. (2016). Physiochemical investigation of essential oils from three Cymbopogon species cultivated in Sudan. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5(1), 24.
Jelenkovic, L., Jovanovic, V. S., Palic, I., Mitic, V., and Radulovic, M. (2014). In Vitro Screening of α-Amylase Inhibition by Selected Terpenes from Essential Oils. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(9), 1421-1428.
Jumepaeng, T., Prachakool, S., Luthria, D.L. and Chanthai, S. (2013). Determination of antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of the essential oils from citronella grass and lemongrass. International Food Research Journal , 20(1), 481-485.
Kähkönen, M.P., Hopia, A.I., Vuorela, H.J., Rauha, J.P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T.S. and Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 3954-3962.
Leite, J., Maria De Lourdes, V.S., Maluf, E., Assolant, K., Suchecki, D., Tufik, S., Klepacz, S., Calil, H.M. and Carlini, E. (1986). Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). III. Assessment of eventual toxic, hypnotic and anxiolytic effects on humans. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 17, 75-83.
Mansour, H.A., Newairy, A.S., Yousef, M.I. and Sheweita, S.A. (2002). Biochemical study on the effects of some Egyptian herbs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Toxicology, 170, 221-228.
Masuda, T., Odaka, Y., Ogawa, N., Nakamoto, K. and Kuninaga, H. (2007). Identification of geranic acid, a tyrosinase inhibitor in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 597-601.
Padul, M., Chougale, A., Zambare, V., Naikwade, S., Shaikh, F., Shinde, K., Dama, L. and Salve, A. (2012).
In vitro screening of proteinase inhibitors (trypsin, chymotrypsin and Helicoverpa gut proteinase inhibitors) in different plant tissue extracts. Trends in Biotechnology Research, 1, 7-14.
Pereira, R.P., Fachinetto, R., de Souza Prestes, A., Puntel, R.L., Santos da Silva, G.N., Heinzmann, B.M., Boschetti, T.K., Athayde, M.L., Bürger, M.E., Morel, A.F. and Morsch, V.M. (2009). Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita and Cymbopogon citratus. Neurochemical Research Journal, 34, 973-983.
Sangchan, A., Bootdee, A. and Chanroj, S. (2016). Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamon and Garcinia Crude
Extracts on Alpha-amylase, Lipase, Trypsin and Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Burapha Science Journal, 21(3), 268-278. (in Thai)
Sharma, O.P. and Bhat, T.K. (2009). DPPH antioxidant assay revisited. Food chemistry, 113, 1202-1205.
Souza, S., Pereira, L., Souza, A. and Santos, C. (2012). Seleção de extratos brutos de plantas com atividade antiobesidade. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 14, 643-648.
Wong, K.K., Signal, F.A., Campion, S.H. and Motion, R.L. (2005). Citronella as an insect repellent in food packaging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 4633-4636.
Wongsa, P., Chaiwarit, J. and Zamaludien, A. (2012). In vitro screening of phenolic compounds, potential inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of culinary herbs in Thailand. Food Chemistry,
131, 964-971.
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2017-07-06
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บทความวิจัยจากการประชุมวิชาการระดับชาติ"วิทยาศาสตร์วิจัย"ครั้งที่ 9
