Jamming of Granular Material under Vertical Vibration in 2-Dimensional Hopper
Abstract
This study aims to experimentally investigate the jamming of granular material under vertical vibration in 2-Dimensional wedge-shape hopper. Granular material used in the experiment was the group of cylindrical particles made from hardwood 1 cm in diameter and 6 cm in length with smooth and dry surface and there were 350 particles. Granular material was randomly placed inside the hopper at 10 – 50 degrees of hopper angle and 2 – 6 times of the hopper opening size larger than the granular material’s diameter. Then, the granular material was launched to freely flow and global vertically vibrate with 5 values of dimensionless vibration acceleration ranged from 0.011g – 0.301g which changed according to the frequency of vibration and the amplitude of the vibration was constant at 5 mm. The result has illustrated that the more dimensionless vertical vibration acceleration and hopper angle, the less jamming ratio and hopper emptying time and this led to the mass flow rate increase. In addition, the arrangement pattern of particles when granular material’s arching occurred was observed that the more hopper opening size and the less hopper angle, the more the number of arching particles and also the more in curve. Nevertheless, it cannot be found the correlation of hopper angle size and dimensionless vertical vibration acceleration value with clogging time of granular material. Keywords: granular materials, jamming, hopper, vertical vibrationReferences
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Cambou, B., Jean, M., & Radjaï, F. (2009). Micromechanics of Granular Materials. Great Britain: John Wiley & Sons.
Cheng, J. (2012). Modelling of hopper discharge. (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Herminghaus, S. (2013). Wet granular matter: a truly complex fluid (Vol. 6). World Scientific.
Hunt, M. L., Weathers, R. C., Brennen, C. E., Lee, A. T., &, Wassgren, C. R. (1999). Effects of horizontal vibration on hopper flows of granular materials. Physics of fluids, 11(1), 68-75.
Janda, A., Maza, D., Garcimartín, A., Kolb, E., Lanuza, J., & Clément, E. (2009). Unjamming a granular hopper by vibration. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 87(2), 24002.
Mankoc, C., Janda, A., Ar´evalo, R., Pastor, J. M., Zuriguel, I., Garcimart´ın, A., & Maza D. (2007). The flow rate of granular materials through an orifice. Granular Matter, 9(6), 407-414.
Nowak, E. R., Knight, J. B., Naim, E. B., Jaeger, H. M., & Nagel, S. R. (1998). Density fluctuations in vibrated granular materials. Physical Review E, 57(2), 1971.
O’Hern, C. S., Silbert, L. E., Liu, A. J., & Nagel, S. R. (2003). Jamming at zero temperature and
zero applied stress: the epitome of disorder. Physical Review E, 68(1), 011306.
Rao, K. K., Nott, P. R., & Sundaresan, S. (2008). An introduction to granular flow (Vol. 10). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Shirsath, S. S., Padding, J. T., Clercx, H. J. H., & Kuipers, J. A. M. (2015). Dynamics of Granular Flows Down Rotating Semi-cylindrical Chutes. Procedia Engineering, 102, 731-740.
Thomas, C. C., & Durian, D. J. (2013). Geometry dependence of the clogging transition in tilted hoppers. Physical Review E, 87(5), 052201.
To, K., Lai, P. Y., & Pak, H. K. (2001). Jamming of Granular Flow in a Two-Dimensional Hopper. Physical Review Letters, 86(1), 71-74.
Zhou, Y. C., Xu, B. H., Yu, A. B., & Zulli, P. (2002). An experimental and numerical study of the angle of repose of coarse spheres. Powder Technology, 125(1), 45-54.
Andreotti, B., Forterre, Y., & Pouliquen, O. (2013). Granular Media Between Fluid and Solid. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cambou, B., Jean, M., & Radjaï, F. (2009). Micromechanics of Granular Materials. Great Britain: John Wiley & Sons.
Cheng, J. (2012). Modelling of hopper discharge. (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Herminghaus, S. (2013). Wet granular matter: a truly complex fluid (Vol. 6). World Scientific.
Hunt, M. L., Weathers, R. C., Brennen, C. E., Lee, A. T., &, Wassgren, C. R. (1999). Effects of horizontal vibration on hopper flows of granular materials. Physics of fluids, 11(1), 68-75.
Janda, A., Maza, D., Garcimartín, A., Kolb, E., Lanuza, J., & Clément, E. (2009). Unjamming a granular hopper by vibration. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 87(2), 24002.
Mankoc, C., Janda, A., Ar´evalo, R., Pastor, J. M., Zuriguel, I., Garcimart´ın, A., & Maza D. (2007). The flow rate of granular materials through an orifice. Granular Matter, 9(6), 407-414.
Nowak, E. R., Knight, J. B., Naim, E. B., Jaeger, H. M., & Nagel, S. R. (1998). Density fluctuations in vibrated granular materials. Physical Review E, 57(2), 1971.
O’Hern, C. S., Silbert, L. E., Liu, A. J., & Nagel, S. R. (2003). Jamming at zero temperature and
zero applied stress: the epitome of disorder. Physical Review E, 68(1), 011306.
Rao, K. K., Nott, P. R., & Sundaresan, S. (2008). An introduction to granular flow (Vol. 10). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Shirsath, S. S., Padding, J. T., Clercx, H. J. H., & Kuipers, J. A. M. (2015). Dynamics of Granular Flows Down Rotating Semi-cylindrical Chutes. Procedia Engineering, 102, 731-740.
Thomas, C. C., & Durian, D. J. (2013). Geometry dependence of the clogging transition in tilted hoppers. Physical Review E, 87(5), 052201.
To, K., Lai, P. Y., & Pak, H. K. (2001). Jamming of Granular Flow in a Two-Dimensional Hopper. Physical Review Letters, 86(1), 71-74.
Zhou, Y. C., Xu, B. H., Yu, A. B., & Zulli, P. (2002). An experimental and numerical study of the angle of repose of coarse spheres. Powder Technology, 125(1), 45-54.
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2018-01-12
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