Influence of Treated Domestic Effluenton Concentration of Heavy Metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb) in Hard Clams (Meretrix spp.) Living withinin New Mudflat Areas of Laem PhakBia: The King's Royally Initiated Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Devel
Abstract
The study on influence of treated domestic effluent on concentration of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb) in hard clams (Meretrix spp.) Living within in new mudflat areas of Laem Phak Bia: The King's Royally Initiated Laem PhakBia Environmental Research and Development Project, Phetchaburi Province. This study compared the treated domestic system between a lagoon treatment systems and plant treatment systems and collected sample of hard clams during low tide, the lowest tide in September 2012 (rainy season) and March 2013 (dry season) found that have large concentrations of heavy metal in hard clams tissue (Meretrix spp.) total average in 0.00333 milligrams per kilogram of wet weight. The hard clams (Meretrix spp.) area that receiving water from the plant treatment systems have a concentration of heavy metals that was accumulated in tissue total average of 0.00388 milligrams per kilogram of wet weight more than and not significantly difference (r = 0.653; p> 0.05) with hard clams (Meretrix spp.) area that receiving water from the lagoon treatment systems total average of 0.00277 milligrams per kilogram of wet weight.These records do not exceed the present environmental safety standards. The hard clams (Meretrix spp.) in the treated water from the wastewater treatment system within these coastal areas are all safe to eat, in being edible and do not cause any harm after consumption Keywords: treated domestic effluent, heavy metals, hard clams (Meretrix spp.)References
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Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (2005). Official Method of Analysis (15thed.). Arlington:
The Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Bayne, B.L., Hawkins, A.J.S., & Navarro, E. (1987). Feeding and Digestion by the Mussels Mytilus edulis L in
Mixtures of Silt and Algal Cells at Low Concentration. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 111(1),1-22.
Bricelj, V.M., & Malouf, R.E. (1984). Influence of Algal and Suspended Sediment Concentrations on the
Feeding Physiology of the Hard Clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Marine Biology, 84(2), 155-165.
Department of Health (South Africa). (2003). Regulation Relating to Maximum Levels for Metals in
Foodstuffs : Amendment.No.R.
EC (European Commission). (2006). Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs.
Commission regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. Official Journal of the European Union.
FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand Authority). (1996). Australian Government Publishing
Service, Canberra.
HKEPD (Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department). (1997). Marine water quality in Hong Kong in
1997. Government Printer Hong Kong.
Khowhit, S., Chunkao, K., Inkapatanakul, W., Phewnil, O., &Boutson, A. (2013a). The Study on of the
Concentration of Heavy Metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb) in the Sediment of Coastal Area
Receiving Effluent from Phetchaburi Municipal Wastewater Treatment System: The Royally LERD
Project, Phetchaburi Province. Thai Journal Toxicology, 28(2),27-36. (in Thai)
Khowhit, S., Chunkao, K., Inkapatanakul, W., Phewnil, O., &Boutson, A. (2013b). The Study of Heavy Metal
Concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb) in the Tissue of Edible Bivalves Mollusks Living with in
Coastal Area Receiving Effluent from Phetchaburi Municipal Wastewater Treatment System, Laem
Phak Bia Sub District, Ban Laem District, Phetchaburi Province.Thai Journal Toxicology, 28(2),
17-26. (in Thai)
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2017-05-09
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