Development of Oocyte of Synaptura commersonii, Emphasizing on Zona Radiata and Egg Membrane by Light and Scanning Electron Microscopes
Abstract
The present research aimed to study on formation of zona radiata of Synaptura commersonii during oocyte development stages. The ovarian samples were taken from animal bodies and fixed in Bouin’s solution. The paraffin embed samples were sectioned at 7 µm-thickness which were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H-E) and studied by using light microscopy. Some sections were coated with gold and studied by using scanning electron microscopy. At cortical alveoli stage, the zona radiata (ZR) was appeared as a thin layer (2.0-2.8 mm) and during vitellogenesis, ZR thickness was greatest (4.0-6.0 mm). Striations were obviously seen in the ZR layer. The external surfaces of the ZR, many pores could be distinguished. The egg of S. commersonii was round. The outer surface showed a slight undulating status. S. commersonii ‘ s egg exhibited a type 3 micropyle. Keywords : Synaptura commersonii, zona radiata, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopyReferences
Abascal, F.J., Medina, A. (2005). Ultrastructure of oogenesis in the bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus.
Journal of Morphology, 264, 149–160.
Abraham, M., Volker Hilge V., Lison, S., Tibika, H. (1984). The cellular envelope of oocytes in teleosts.
Cell and Tissue Research, 235, 403-410.
Aldo Ravaglia, M., Maggese, M.C. (2002). Oogenesis in the swamp eel Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch,
1795) (Teleostei; Synbranchidae). Ovarian anatomy, stages of oocyte development and micropyle
structure. Biocell, 26, 325–337.
Baldacci, A., Taddei, A.R., Mazzini, M., Fausto, A.M., Buonocore, F., Scapigliati, G. (2001). Ultrastructure
and proteins of the egg chorion of the Antarctic fish Chionodraco hamates (Teleostsei,
Notothenioidei). Polar Biology, 24, 417–421.
Berois, N., Arezo, M.J., Papa, N. (2011). Gamete interactions in teleost fish: the egg envelope. Basic
studies and perspectives as environmental biomonitor. Biological Research. 44,119-124.
Bless, R., Riehl, R. (2002). Biology and egg morphology of the Dalmatian barbelgudgeon Aulopyge
huegeli, an endangered endemic species in Croatia. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 63,
451-456.
Brandão, C.A.S, Valentim , M.F.M., Caramaschi, E.P. (2003). Ovary maturation stages and oocyte features
in three species of the Neotropical fish Hemiodus (Muller, 1842). Brazilian. Archives of Biology and
Technology. 46, 433-441.
Cárdenas, R, M. Chávez M., González, J. L., Aley, P., Espinosa, J, Jiménez-García L.F. (2008). Oocyte structure
and ultrastructure in the Mexican silverside fish Chirostoma humboldtianum (Atheriniforme:
Atherinopsidae). Revista de Biología Tropical, 56, 1371-1380.
Cherr, G.N., Clark , W.H. (1982). Fine structure of the envelope and micropyles in the eggs of the white
sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardoson. Development Growth Differentiation, 24, 341-352.
Dunning, K.R., Darryl L Russel, D.L., Robker, R.L. (2014). Lipids and oocyte developmental competence:
the role of fatty acids and β-oxidation. Reproduction, 148, 15-27.
Esmaeili, H. R., Johal, M. S. (2005). Ultrastructural features of the egg envelope of silver carp,
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 72,
373-377.
França, G.F., Grier, H.J., Quagio-Grassioto, I. (2010). A new vision of the origin and the oocyte development
in the ostariophysi applied to Gymnotus sylvius (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes). Neotropical
Ichthyology, 8, 787–804.
Giulianini, P.G., Marcotulli, A.D., Ferrero, E. E. (1994). Light microscopical and ultrastructural cytology
of the ovaries in the sea-grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Osteichthyes, Gobiidae). Bollettino di
Zoologia, 61, 135-144.
Guimara˜es, A.C., Quagio-Grassiotto, I. (2001). Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte primary
growth in Serrasalmus spilopleura (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae). Tissue and Cell, 33, 241–248.
Guraya, S.S. (1986). The Cell and Molecular Biology of Fish Oogenesis. Karger, Basel,New York, USA.
Groot, E. P., Alderdice, D. F. (1985). Fine structure of the external egg membrane of five
species of Pacific salmon and steelhead trout. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 552–566.
Hamlet, W.C, Jezior, M., Spieler, R. (1999). Ultrastructural analysis of folliculogenesis in the ovary
of the yellow spotted stingray Urolophus jamaicensis. Annals of Anatomy, 181, 159-172.
Humason, G. L. (1962). Animal Tissue Techniques, San Francisco, W. H. Freeman and Co.
Kudo, S. (1980). Sperm penetration and the formation of a fertilization cone in the common carp egg.
Development Growth and Differentiation, 22, 403–414.
Li, Y. H., Wu, C. C., Yang, J. S. (2000). Comparative ultrastructural studies of the zona radiata of marine fish
eggs in three genera in Perciformes. Journal of Fish Biology, 56, 615–621.
Ma, X.X., Zhu, J.Q., Zhou, H., Yang, W.X. (2012). The formation of zona radiata in Pseudosciaena crocea
revealed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Micron, 43, 435–44.
Minniti, F., Bruno, R. (2005). Ultrastructural features of germ cells in immature swordfish Xiphias gladius
(Teleostei, Xiphidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 72, 217-221.
Modig, C., Raldua, D., Cerda, J., Olsson, P.E. (2008) Analysis of vitelline envelope synthesis and composition
during early oocyte development in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Molecular Reproduction
and Development, 75, 1351–1360.
Munroe, T.A. (2001) . Soleidae. Soles. In Carpenter, K.E., Niem, V. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide
for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes
part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae),estuarine crocodiles (pp. 3878-3889).
Muñoz, M.,Casadeval, M., Bonet, S. (2002). Gonadal structure and gametogenesis of Aspitrigla obscura
(Pisces, Triglidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 6, 39-46.
Nagahama, Y. (1983). The functional morphology of teleost gonads. In: Fish Physiology (Hoar W., Randall D.
and Donaldson E. eds.) vol IX - part A. Academic Press. New York, pp. 223-275.
Oppen-Berntsen, D., Gram-Jensen, F., Water B.T. (1992). Zona radiata proteins are synthsized by rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes in response to oestradiol 17 beta. Journal of Endocrinology,
135, 293-302.
Patiño, R., Sullivan, C. V. (2002). Ovarian follicle growth, maturation, and ovulation in teleost fish. Fish
Physiolology Biochemistry, 26, 57-70.
Riehl, R. (1993). Surface morphology and micropyle as a tool for identifying fish eggs by scanning electron
microscopy. Microscopic Analytical, 5, 59-66.
Riehl, R. (1980). Micropyle of some salmonins and coregonins. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1, 59-66.
Riehl, R., Greven, H. (1993). Fine structure of egg envelopes in some viviparous goodeid fishes, with
comments on the relation of envelope thinness to viviparity. Canadian Journal Zoology, 71, 91-97.
Selman, K., Wallace R.A. (1986). Gametogenesis in Fundulus heteroclitus. American Zoologist, 26, 173-192
Selman, K., Wallace, R. A. (1989). Cellular aspects of oocytes growth in teleosts, Zoolological Science, 6,
211-231.
Shabanipour, N., Hossayni, S.N. (2010). Histological and ultrastructural study of zona radiata in oocyte of
common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758). Micron, 41, 877–81.
Shabanipour, N., Heidari, B. (2004). A histological study of the zona radiata during the late oocyte
developmental stages in the Caspian Sea mugilid, Liza aurata (Risso 1810). Brazilian Journal
Morphology Science, 21,191-195.
Wallace, R. A., Selman, K. (1981). Cellular and dynamic aspects of oocyte growth in teleosts. America
Zoologist, 21, 325-343.
Wassarman, P.M. (1987a). The biology and chemistry of fertilization. Science, 235, 553–560.
Wassarman, P.M. (1987b). Early events in mammalian fertilization. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental
Biology, 3, 109–142.
Yamamoto, T.S., Kobayashi, W. (1992). Closure of the micropyle during embryonic development of
some pelagic fish eggs. Journal of Fish Biology, 40, 225-241.
Zanuy, S., Carrillo, M. (1987). La reproducción de los teleósteos y su aplicactión en acuicultura.
In: Reproucción en Acuicultura. CAICYT, Madri. 321p.
Zelazowska, M. (2010). Formation and structure of egg envelopes in Russian sturgeon, Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae). Journal of Fish Biology, 76, 694-706.
Journal of Morphology, 264, 149–160.
Abraham, M., Volker Hilge V., Lison, S., Tibika, H. (1984). The cellular envelope of oocytes in teleosts.
Cell and Tissue Research, 235, 403-410.
Aldo Ravaglia, M., Maggese, M.C. (2002). Oogenesis in the swamp eel Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch,
1795) (Teleostei; Synbranchidae). Ovarian anatomy, stages of oocyte development and micropyle
structure. Biocell, 26, 325–337.
Baldacci, A., Taddei, A.R., Mazzini, M., Fausto, A.M., Buonocore, F., Scapigliati, G. (2001). Ultrastructure
and proteins of the egg chorion of the Antarctic fish Chionodraco hamates (Teleostsei,
Notothenioidei). Polar Biology, 24, 417–421.
Berois, N., Arezo, M.J., Papa, N. (2011). Gamete interactions in teleost fish: the egg envelope. Basic
studies and perspectives as environmental biomonitor. Biological Research. 44,119-124.
Bless, R., Riehl, R. (2002). Biology and egg morphology of the Dalmatian barbelgudgeon Aulopyge
huegeli, an endangered endemic species in Croatia. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 63,
451-456.
Brandão, C.A.S, Valentim , M.F.M., Caramaschi, E.P. (2003). Ovary maturation stages and oocyte features
in three species of the Neotropical fish Hemiodus (Muller, 1842). Brazilian. Archives of Biology and
Technology. 46, 433-441.
Cárdenas, R, M. Chávez M., González, J. L., Aley, P., Espinosa, J, Jiménez-García L.F. (2008). Oocyte structure
and ultrastructure in the Mexican silverside fish Chirostoma humboldtianum (Atheriniforme:
Atherinopsidae). Revista de Biología Tropical, 56, 1371-1380.
Cherr, G.N., Clark , W.H. (1982). Fine structure of the envelope and micropyles in the eggs of the white
sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardoson. Development Growth Differentiation, 24, 341-352.
Dunning, K.R., Darryl L Russel, D.L., Robker, R.L. (2014). Lipids and oocyte developmental competence:
the role of fatty acids and β-oxidation. Reproduction, 148, 15-27.
Esmaeili, H. R., Johal, M. S. (2005). Ultrastructural features of the egg envelope of silver carp,
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 72,
373-377.
França, G.F., Grier, H.J., Quagio-Grassioto, I. (2010). A new vision of the origin and the oocyte development
in the ostariophysi applied to Gymnotus sylvius (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes). Neotropical
Ichthyology, 8, 787–804.
Giulianini, P.G., Marcotulli, A.D., Ferrero, E. E. (1994). Light microscopical and ultrastructural cytology
of the ovaries in the sea-grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Osteichthyes, Gobiidae). Bollettino di
Zoologia, 61, 135-144.
Guimara˜es, A.C., Quagio-Grassiotto, I. (2001). Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte primary
growth in Serrasalmus spilopleura (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae). Tissue and Cell, 33, 241–248.
Guraya, S.S. (1986). The Cell and Molecular Biology of Fish Oogenesis. Karger, Basel,New York, USA.
Groot, E. P., Alderdice, D. F. (1985). Fine structure of the external egg membrane of five
species of Pacific salmon and steelhead trout. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 552–566.
Hamlet, W.C, Jezior, M., Spieler, R. (1999). Ultrastructural analysis of folliculogenesis in the ovary
of the yellow spotted stingray Urolophus jamaicensis. Annals of Anatomy, 181, 159-172.
Humason, G. L. (1962). Animal Tissue Techniques, San Francisco, W. H. Freeman and Co.
Kudo, S. (1980). Sperm penetration and the formation of a fertilization cone in the common carp egg.
Development Growth and Differentiation, 22, 403–414.
Li, Y. H., Wu, C. C., Yang, J. S. (2000). Comparative ultrastructural studies of the zona radiata of marine fish
eggs in three genera in Perciformes. Journal of Fish Biology, 56, 615–621.
Ma, X.X., Zhu, J.Q., Zhou, H., Yang, W.X. (2012). The formation of zona radiata in Pseudosciaena crocea
revealed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Micron, 43, 435–44.
Minniti, F., Bruno, R. (2005). Ultrastructural features of germ cells in immature swordfish Xiphias gladius
(Teleostei, Xiphidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 72, 217-221.
Modig, C., Raldua, D., Cerda, J., Olsson, P.E. (2008) Analysis of vitelline envelope synthesis and composition
during early oocyte development in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Molecular Reproduction
and Development, 75, 1351–1360.
Munroe, T.A. (2001) . Soleidae. Soles. In Carpenter, K.E., Niem, V. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide
for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes
part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae),estuarine crocodiles (pp. 3878-3889).
Muñoz, M.,Casadeval, M., Bonet, S. (2002). Gonadal structure and gametogenesis of Aspitrigla obscura
(Pisces, Triglidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 6, 39-46.
Nagahama, Y. (1983). The functional morphology of teleost gonads. In: Fish Physiology (Hoar W., Randall D.
and Donaldson E. eds.) vol IX - part A. Academic Press. New York, pp. 223-275.
Oppen-Berntsen, D., Gram-Jensen, F., Water B.T. (1992). Zona radiata proteins are synthsized by rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes in response to oestradiol 17 beta. Journal of Endocrinology,
135, 293-302.
Patiño, R., Sullivan, C. V. (2002). Ovarian follicle growth, maturation, and ovulation in teleost fish. Fish
Physiolology Biochemistry, 26, 57-70.
Riehl, R. (1993). Surface morphology and micropyle as a tool for identifying fish eggs by scanning electron
microscopy. Microscopic Analytical, 5, 59-66.
Riehl, R. (1980). Micropyle of some salmonins and coregonins. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1, 59-66.
Riehl, R., Greven, H. (1993). Fine structure of egg envelopes in some viviparous goodeid fishes, with
comments on the relation of envelope thinness to viviparity. Canadian Journal Zoology, 71, 91-97.
Selman, K., Wallace R.A. (1986). Gametogenesis in Fundulus heteroclitus. American Zoologist, 26, 173-192
Selman, K., Wallace, R. A. (1989). Cellular aspects of oocytes growth in teleosts, Zoolological Science, 6,
211-231.
Shabanipour, N., Hossayni, S.N. (2010). Histological and ultrastructural study of zona radiata in oocyte of
common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758). Micron, 41, 877–81.
Shabanipour, N., Heidari, B. (2004). A histological study of the zona radiata during the late oocyte
developmental stages in the Caspian Sea mugilid, Liza aurata (Risso 1810). Brazilian Journal
Morphology Science, 21,191-195.
Wallace, R. A., Selman, K. (1981). Cellular and dynamic aspects of oocyte growth in teleosts. America
Zoologist, 21, 325-343.
Wassarman, P.M. (1987a). The biology and chemistry of fertilization. Science, 235, 553–560.
Wassarman, P.M. (1987b). Early events in mammalian fertilization. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental
Biology, 3, 109–142.
Yamamoto, T.S., Kobayashi, W. (1992). Closure of the micropyle during embryonic development of
some pelagic fish eggs. Journal of Fish Biology, 40, 225-241.
Zanuy, S., Carrillo, M. (1987). La reproducción de los teleósteos y su aplicactión en acuicultura.
In: Reproucción en Acuicultura. CAICYT, Madri. 321p.
Zelazowska, M. (2010). Formation and structure of egg envelopes in Russian sturgeon, Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae). Journal of Fish Biology, 76, 694-706.
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