A Correction of the General Bathymetric Data in the Gulf of Thailand
Abstract
The general bathymetric data in the Gulf of Thailand (The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans 30 arc-second; GEBCO30) with the resolution of 0.5 nautical miles was corrected by comparison with the depth data surveyed by ship-line sounding and distributed by the Hydrographic Department, the Royal Thai Navy (Navigation charts; NC), 60 charts in approximate. The research is the error analysis of the GEBCO30 data which is deleted by NC data. The correction of GEBCO30 data was examined their error following the standard of IHO (1998, 2008) by using the script of GMT programming. The results illustrate the correction of the data of 98.31% in average under the confidence level with the error less than 0.1 meter except the area of the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand between Songkhla and Kelantan that show the error less than 1 meter. Moreover, the area of the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand between Lang-Suan and Prachuap-Khrikhan shows the data which is shallower than the others. By this respect, The NC data that surveyed along the coast could be used with the GEBCO30 data which no adjusted in the Gulf of Thailand. If the fine data is required, grids size of the data can be adjusted by resampling grids. The data from this research can be used for study the distribution and mixing of pollution loading generated red tide phenomena and used as the input data into the mathematical model for study the water circulation in the Gulf of Thailand that required the corrected data because of confident of model result. Keywords : the Gulf of Thailand , GEBCO 30 arc-second, ship-line sounding, bathymetryReferences
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Thailand. Journal of Oceanography, 57, 461-470.
and Analysis (March 2009). NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, 19 pp.
Beyer, A., Rathlau, R., & Schenke, H.W. (2005). Multibeam bathymetry of the Hakon Mosby mud volcano.
Marine Geophysical Researches, 26, 61-75.
Buranapratheprat, A., & Bunpapong, M. (1998). A two-dimension hydrodynamic model for the Gulf of
Thailand. Proceeding of The IOC/WESPAC Fourth International Scientific Symposium, 469-478.
Buranapratheprat, A. (2008) Circulation in the Upper Gulf of Thailand: A review. Burapha Sci. J., 13(1), 75-83.
(in Thai)
Buranapratheprat, A., Niemann K. O., Yanagi, T., Matsumura, S., & Sojisuporn, P. (2009).Circulation in the
Upper Gulf of Thailand investigated using a Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic model. Burapha Sci. J., 14(1), 99-113. (in Thai)
Buranapratheprat, A. (2009). Circulation in the Bangpakong river mouth and Chonburi coastal area
investigated using a Hydrodynamic model. Burapha Sci. J., 14(2), 50-60. (in Thai)
Cheevaporn, V., & Menasveta, P. (2003). Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 47, 43-51.
Chumnantana, R. (2006). Causative phytoplankton of red tide phenomena in the Upper Gulf of Thailand.
Technical paper no. 1/2006. Phuket Marine Biological Center. Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (in Thai)
International Hydrographic Organization; IHO. (1998). IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys: 4th Edition,
SpecialPublication, 44, International Hydrographic Bureau. Monaco. (April 1998).
International Hydrographic Organization; IHO. (2008). IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys: 5th Edition,
SpecialPublication, 44, International Hydrographic Bureau. Monaco. (February 2008).
IOC, IHO & BODC. (2003). Centenary Edition of the GEBCO Digital Atlas, published on CD-ROM on
behalf of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrographic Organization as part of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, British Oceanographic Data Centre, Liverpool, U.K.
Jintasaeranee, P. (1998). Circulation of deep water masses in the Gulf of Thailand using natural Radium-226
and Radium-228 radiotracers. Thesis. Graduate School. Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Jintasaeranee, P. (2012). Accuracy of the General Bathymetry (GEBCO 30 arc-second) in the Upper Gulf of
Thailand. Burapha Sci. J., 17(1), 69-76. (in Thai)
Jintasaeranee, P., & Buranapratheprat, A. (2012). Discrepancy of the general bathymetry (GEBCO1 and
ETOPO1) in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. Burapha Sci. J., 17(2), 72-81. (in Thai)
Jintasaeranee, P. (2013). A preliminary study on a discrepancy of the Bathymetric data in the Gulf of
Thailand. Burapha Sci. J., 18(2), 97-106. (in Thai)
Marks, K.M., & Smith, W.H.F. (2005). 2500m isobath from satellite bathymetry: Accuracy assessment in light
of IHO S-44 standards. International Hydrographic Review, 6(2), 1-11.
Phaksopa, J., & Sojisuporn, P. (2006). Storm surge in the Gulf of Thailand generated by Typhoon Linda in
1997 using Princeton Ocean Model (POM). Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), 40, 260-268.
Sandwell, D.T. (1991). Geophysical applications of satellite altimetry. Reviews of Geophysics, 132-137.
Sandwell, D.T., Smith, W.H.F., Gille, S., Kappel, E., Jayne, S., Soofi, K., Coakley, B., & Geli, L. (2006).
Bathymetry from space : Rationale and requirements for a new, high-resolution altimetric mission.
C.R. Geoscience, 338, 1049-1062.
Smith, W.H.F., & Sandwell, D.T. (2004). Conventional bathymetry, bathymetry from space, and geodetic
altimetry. Oceanography, 17(1), 8-23.
The GEBCO_08 Grid. (2010). version 20100927. Retrieved November 2, 2016, from http://www.gebco.net
Wattayakorn, G. (2012). Petroleum pollution in the Gulf of Thailand: A historical review. Coastal Marine
Science, 35(1), 234-245.
Wessel, P. & Smith, W.H.F. (1998). New improved version of generic mapping tools release. EOS
Transactions American Geophysical Union, 79(47), 579.
Yanagi, T., Sachoemar, S.I., Takao, T., & Fujiwara, S. (2001). Seasonal variation of stratification in the Gulf of
Thailand. Journal of Oceanography, 57, 461-470.
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2017-06-13
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