Effect of Feed Type on Growth Performance and Sex Reversal of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different feed type mixed with 17α-methyltestosterone 60 mg/kg of feed on growth performance and sex reversal of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and 5 replicates. Fish were fed by hormone dry powder feed (treatment 1), hormone moist dough feed (treatment 2) and hormone sink powder feed (treatment 3) for the period of 21 days. The results at the end of the experiment showed that the sex ratio, average weight and ADG of treatment 2 (94.8 ± 0.84% male, 0.21 ± 0.01 g/fish and 0.010 ± 0.0005 g/day respectively) and treatment 3 (96.0 ± 1.14 % male, 0.23 ± 0.02 g/fish and 0.011 ± 0.0010 g/day respectively) were significantly differences (P < 0.05) from treatment 1 (91.6 ± 2.79 % male, 0.16 ± 0.03 g/fish and 0.008 ± 0.0017g/day respectively). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in average length and survival rates between treatments. For water quality, parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and total ammonia in all treatments were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The results indicated that feeding hormone sink powder achieve the maximum sex reversal and growth performance. Keywords : Sex reversal, Nile tilapia, feed typesReferences
Baroiller, J.F. & Toguyeni, A. (1995). Comparative effects of a natural androgen 11 β-hydrogxy-androstenedione and a synthetic androgen, 17α–methyltestosterone on the sex ratios of Oreochromis niloticus.
In Proceeding of the The Third International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. (pp. 238-245). Malaysia: ICLARM.
Beardmore, J.A., Mair, G.C., & Lewis R.I. (2001). Monosex male production in finfish as exemplified by tilapia: applications, problems, and prospects. Aquaculture, 197, 283 – 301.
Bocek, A., Phelps, R. P., & Popma, T.J. (1992). Effect of feeding frequency on sex-reversal and on growth of nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 1, 97 - 103.
Chitmanat, C. & Makaw, S. (2010). Effects of protein levels and feed pellet types on the growth and production of red tilapia cage culture in Huai Paereservoir, Tombon Naprang, Amphoe Pong, Phayao Province. In Proceedings of 48thKasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 271-278). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Das G.N., Ferdous, A.M., Prabal, B., Abdullah, A.M., & Shah, M. (2010). Survivality of mono-sex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry using 17α-methyltestosterone in a commercial hatchery of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Journal of Aquaculture Feed Science and Nutrition,2, 16 - 24.
Department of Fisheries. (2015). Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2013. Bangkok: Information Technology Center, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (n.d.). Policies. Retrieved July 15, 2016, from http://www.fisheries.go.th/if-ubon_
amnat/web2/images/downloads/21081.pdf
El-Greisy, A.E. & El-Gamal, A.E. (2012).Monosex production of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus using different doses of 17α-methyltestosterone with respect to the degree of sex stability after one year of treatment. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 38, 59 - 66.
El-Sayed, A.M., El-Sayeda, H.A., & Heba, M.A. (2012). Effects of phytoestrogens on sex reversal of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae fed diets treated with 17α-methyltestosterone. Aquaculture, 360–361,
58 – 63.
Emmanuel, M.V.C. & Mair, G.C. (1994). Conditions for effective androgen sex reversal in Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture, 122, 237 - 248.
Guerrero, R.D. (1975). Use of androgens for the production of all male Tilapia aurea (Steindachner). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 104, 342 – 348.
Guerrero, R.D. & Guerrero, L.A. (1997). Effects of androstenedione and methyltestosterone on Oreochromis niloticus fry treated for sex reversal in outdoor net enclosure. In Proceeding of the Fourth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. (pp. 772 – 777). USA: Electric Power Research Institute.
Jo, J-Y., Smitherman, R.O., & Tave, D. (1995). Effects of six levels of dietary 17-methyltestosterone on sex-reversal and growth of Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) and O. niloticus (Linnaeus).Journal of Aquaculture, 8(2), 77 - 83.
Khakong, S., Leelarasamee, K., Suwannasang, A., & Sukkasem, N. (2011). Effects of natural extracts from mangosteen leaves on sex-reversal in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). KhonKaen Agriculture Journal, 39, 53-58. (in Thai)
Khowhit, S., Yoonpundh, R., Taparhudee, W., & Mahasawas, S. (2007). Different feed on efficacy of sex reversal, growth and protein utilization in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) Fry. In Proceedings of 45thKasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 466-474). Bangkok: Kasetsart University.
(in Thai)
Kwankaew, J. (2007). Dissolved Oxygen. In Work Manual: Water Analysis. (pp. 52-58). Bangkok: Office of Research and Development, Royal Irrigation Department. (in Thai)
Little, D.C. & Hulata, G. (2000). Strategies for tilapia seed production. In Tilapias: Biology and Exploitation. (pp. 267-326). UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers London.
Mair, G.C., Capili, J.B., Beardmore, J.A., & Skibinski, D.O.F. (1992). The YY male technology for production of monosex male tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Proceeding of the International Workshop on Genetics in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, (pp. 93-95). Scotland: Stirling.
McCarthy, I.D., Gair, D.J., & Houlihan, D.F. (1999). Feeding rank and dominance in Tilapia rendalli under defensible and indefensible patterns of food distribution. Journal of Fish Biology, 55, 854–867.
Megbowon, I. & Mojekwu, T.O. (2014).Tilapia sex reversal using methyl testosterone (MT) and its effect on fish, man and environment. Biotechnology, 13(5), 213 – 216.
Mensah, E.T.D, Attipoe, F.K., & Asub-Johnson, M. (2013). Effect of different stocking densities on growth performance and profitability of Oreochromis niloticus fry reared in hapa-in-pond system. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 5, 204-209.
Okoko, M. (1996). Effect of 17α-methyltestosterone concentrations on the sex ratio, and gonadal development of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. USA: Auburn University.
Phelps, R.P. & Cerezo, G. (1992).The effect of confinement in hapas on sex reversal and growth of Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 1, 73–81.
Phelps, R.P. & Popma, T.J. (2000). Sex reversal of tilapia. The World Aquaculture Society, 2, 34 – 59.
Petchjun, K. (1998). Effect of Concentration Level of Methyltestosterone on Induced Sex-reversed Rates and Production of Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica). Mahasarakham: Mahasarakham University. (in Thai)
Pongthana, N., & Baoprasertkun, P. (1995). Production and culture of genetically male tilapia. Bangkok: Aquatic Animal Genetic Research and Development Institute, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Pongthana, N., Baoprasertkun, P., & Tongmee, B. (1995).Tilapia Sex Determination. Bangkok: Aquatic Animal Genetic Research and Development Institute, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Srisakultiew, P. 2003. Study on Status of Nile Tilapia Sex Reversal to Reduce Cost. Khonkaen: Khonkaen University. (in Thai)
Tangtrongpiroj, M., Tevaratmaneekul, P., Jarimopas, P., Nukwan, S., Lawanyawut, K., Watcharakornyothin, W., & Jantaralotha, W. (1993). Developing Tilapia Aquaculture. Bangkok: Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Wongsongsarn, R. & U-Rong, N. (2006). Production of Tilapia Sex Reversal. Udonthani: Udonthani Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center. (in Thai)
Yenpoeng, T., Wattanamahard, T., Chainon, J., &Kanhasura, S. (2011). Seed Production of Sex Reversal of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Fiberglass Tanks Using Water Circulation System at Different Stocking Densities. Bangkok: Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
William, L.S., Rodriguez-Guerrero, D., & Lopez-Macias, J. (1981). Factors affecting androgen sex reversal of Tilapia aurea. Aquaculture, 25(1), 59-65.
In Proceeding of the The Third International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. (pp. 238-245). Malaysia: ICLARM.
Beardmore, J.A., Mair, G.C., & Lewis R.I. (2001). Monosex male production in finfish as exemplified by tilapia: applications, problems, and prospects. Aquaculture, 197, 283 – 301.
Bocek, A., Phelps, R. P., & Popma, T.J. (1992). Effect of feeding frequency on sex-reversal and on growth of nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 1, 97 - 103.
Chitmanat, C. & Makaw, S. (2010). Effects of protein levels and feed pellet types on the growth and production of red tilapia cage culture in Huai Paereservoir, Tombon Naprang, Amphoe Pong, Phayao Province. In Proceedings of 48thKasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 271-278). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Das G.N., Ferdous, A.M., Prabal, B., Abdullah, A.M., & Shah, M. (2010). Survivality of mono-sex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry using 17α-methyltestosterone in a commercial hatchery of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Journal of Aquaculture Feed Science and Nutrition,2, 16 - 24.
Department of Fisheries. (2015). Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2013. Bangkok: Information Technology Center, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (n.d.). Policies. Retrieved July 15, 2016, from http://www.fisheries.go.th/if-ubon_
amnat/web2/images/downloads/21081.pdf
El-Greisy, A.E. & El-Gamal, A.E. (2012).Monosex production of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus using different doses of 17α-methyltestosterone with respect to the degree of sex stability after one year of treatment. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 38, 59 - 66.
El-Sayed, A.M., El-Sayeda, H.A., & Heba, M.A. (2012). Effects of phytoestrogens on sex reversal of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae fed diets treated with 17α-methyltestosterone. Aquaculture, 360–361,
58 – 63.
Emmanuel, M.V.C. & Mair, G.C. (1994). Conditions for effective androgen sex reversal in Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture, 122, 237 - 248.
Guerrero, R.D. (1975). Use of androgens for the production of all male Tilapia aurea (Steindachner). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 104, 342 – 348.
Guerrero, R.D. & Guerrero, L.A. (1997). Effects of androstenedione and methyltestosterone on Oreochromis niloticus fry treated for sex reversal in outdoor net enclosure. In Proceeding of the Fourth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. (pp. 772 – 777). USA: Electric Power Research Institute.
Jo, J-Y., Smitherman, R.O., & Tave, D. (1995). Effects of six levels of dietary 17-methyltestosterone on sex-reversal and growth of Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) and O. niloticus (Linnaeus).Journal of Aquaculture, 8(2), 77 - 83.
Khakong, S., Leelarasamee, K., Suwannasang, A., & Sukkasem, N. (2011). Effects of natural extracts from mangosteen leaves on sex-reversal in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). KhonKaen Agriculture Journal, 39, 53-58. (in Thai)
Khowhit, S., Yoonpundh, R., Taparhudee, W., & Mahasawas, S. (2007). Different feed on efficacy of sex reversal, growth and protein utilization in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) Fry. In Proceedings of 45thKasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 466-474). Bangkok: Kasetsart University.
(in Thai)
Kwankaew, J. (2007). Dissolved Oxygen. In Work Manual: Water Analysis. (pp. 52-58). Bangkok: Office of Research and Development, Royal Irrigation Department. (in Thai)
Little, D.C. & Hulata, G. (2000). Strategies for tilapia seed production. In Tilapias: Biology and Exploitation. (pp. 267-326). UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers London.
Mair, G.C., Capili, J.B., Beardmore, J.A., & Skibinski, D.O.F. (1992). The YY male technology for production of monosex male tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Proceeding of the International Workshop on Genetics in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, (pp. 93-95). Scotland: Stirling.
McCarthy, I.D., Gair, D.J., & Houlihan, D.F. (1999). Feeding rank and dominance in Tilapia rendalli under defensible and indefensible patterns of food distribution. Journal of Fish Biology, 55, 854–867.
Megbowon, I. & Mojekwu, T.O. (2014).Tilapia sex reversal using methyl testosterone (MT) and its effect on fish, man and environment. Biotechnology, 13(5), 213 – 216.
Mensah, E.T.D, Attipoe, F.K., & Asub-Johnson, M. (2013). Effect of different stocking densities on growth performance and profitability of Oreochromis niloticus fry reared in hapa-in-pond system. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 5, 204-209.
Okoko, M. (1996). Effect of 17α-methyltestosterone concentrations on the sex ratio, and gonadal development of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. USA: Auburn University.
Phelps, R.P. & Cerezo, G. (1992).The effect of confinement in hapas on sex reversal and growth of Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 1, 73–81.
Phelps, R.P. & Popma, T.J. (2000). Sex reversal of tilapia. The World Aquaculture Society, 2, 34 – 59.
Petchjun, K. (1998). Effect of Concentration Level of Methyltestosterone on Induced Sex-reversed Rates and Production of Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica). Mahasarakham: Mahasarakham University. (in Thai)
Pongthana, N., & Baoprasertkun, P. (1995). Production and culture of genetically male tilapia. Bangkok: Aquatic Animal Genetic Research and Development Institute, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Pongthana, N., Baoprasertkun, P., & Tongmee, B. (1995).Tilapia Sex Determination. Bangkok: Aquatic Animal Genetic Research and Development Institute, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Srisakultiew, P. 2003. Study on Status of Nile Tilapia Sex Reversal to Reduce Cost. Khonkaen: Khonkaen University. (in Thai)
Tangtrongpiroj, M., Tevaratmaneekul, P., Jarimopas, P., Nukwan, S., Lawanyawut, K., Watcharakornyothin, W., & Jantaralotha, W. (1993). Developing Tilapia Aquaculture. Bangkok: Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Wongsongsarn, R. & U-Rong, N. (2006). Production of Tilapia Sex Reversal. Udonthani: Udonthani Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center. (in Thai)
Yenpoeng, T., Wattanamahard, T., Chainon, J., &Kanhasura, S. (2011). Seed Production of Sex Reversal of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Fiberglass Tanks Using Water Circulation System at Different Stocking Densities. Bangkok: Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
William, L.S., Rodriguez-Guerrero, D., & Lopez-Macias, J. (1981). Factors affecting androgen sex reversal of Tilapia aurea. Aquaculture, 25(1), 59-65.
Downloads
Published
2017-01-10
Issue
Section
Research Article
