The Species Composition and Succession of Periphyton on Fish Cages
Abstract
The species composition and the succession of periphyton on fish cages in freshwater pond were investigated. Periphytons were collected for 4 weeks between October to November 2015. The periphytic microalgae comprising of Division Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta were encountered with an averaged density of 83.78 90.19 101.72 and 19.91 units/cm2, respectively. For periphytic succession, Chlorophyta was dominated by Scenedesmus in the first week. For second week, the Division Cyanophyta was a major group including Anabena and Oscillaroria represented as the dominant genus. After third week, the periphytic microalgae was replaced by Division Bacillariophyta with Rhizosolenia, Navicula and Synedra as the dominants genus. The diversity, evenness and dominant indices of periphyton ranged between 2.46-2.72, 0.77-0.84 and 0.08-0.12, respectively. The species composition and the successional patterns were changed depending on period of the deposited times of the cage under water.Keywords: periphyton, fish cage, diversity, freshwater pondReferences
Ashok, K.P., Saleem, F. & Javaid, A.S. (2014). Periphytic algal community of Dal Lake in Kashmir Valley, India. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8, 391-398.
Ashraf, P.M. & Edwin, L. (2016). Nano copper oxide incorporated polyethylene glycol hydrogel an efficient antifouling coating for cage fishing net. International Biodeterioration & Biodegration, 115, 39-48.
Azim, M.E., Wahab, M.A., Biswas, P.K., Asaeda, T., Fujino, T., & Verdegem, M.C.J. (2004). The effect of periphyton substrate density on production in freshwater polyculture ponds. Aquaculture, 232, 441-453.
Azim, M.E., Verdegem, M.C.J., van Dam, A.A. & Beveridge, M.C.M. (2005). Periphyton ecology exploitation and management. Cambridge: CABI Publishing.
Chindah, A.C., Braide, S.A., Amakiri, J. Ajibulu, O.O.K. (2009). Periphyton succession in a waste water treatment pond. Revista UDO Agricola, 9(3), 681-699.
Gaiser, E. (2009). Periphyton as an Indicator of Restoration in the Everglades. Ecological indicators, 9(6): 37-45.
Gillett, N.D., Pan, Y. & Kann, J. (2016). Spatial and temporal variability of river periphyton below a hypereutrophic lake and a series of dams. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 1382-1392.
Best, G., Bogacka, T. & Niemirycz, E. (1997). International river water quality: Pollution and restoration. London: CRC Press.
Dalu, T., Bere, T., Richoux, N.B. & Froneman, P.W. (2015). Assessment of the spatial and temporal variations in periphyton communities along a small temperate river system: A multimetric and stable isotope analysis approach. South African Journal of Botany, 100, 203-212.
Jarupan, B. & Jarupan, N. (2006). Protozoa in Freshwater. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Lowe, R.L. & Gale, W.F. (1980). Monitoring river periphyton with artificial benthic substrates. Hydrobiologia, 69(3), 235-244.
Liu, J., Wang, F., Liu, W., Tang, C., Wu, C. & Wu, Y. (2016). Nutrient removal by up-scaling a hybrid floating treatment bed (HFTB) using plant and periphyton: From laboratory tank to polluted river. Bioresource Technology, 207, 142-149.
Lu, H., Feng, Y., Wang, J., Wu, Y., Shao, H. & Yang, L. (2016). Responses of periphyton morphology, structure, and function to extreme nutrient loading. Environmental Pollution, 214, 878-884.
Peerapornpisal, Y. (2013). Freshwater Algae in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Applied Algal Research Laboratory, Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University. (in Thai)
Pichitkul, P. (2007). Periphyton in Ping Basin. In Proceedings of 45th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 118-127). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Sakr, E.M., Shalaby, S.M., Wassef, E.A., El-Sayed, A.F.M. & Moneim, A.I.A. (2015). Evaluation of Periphyton as a food source for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles fed reduced protein levels in cages. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 27, 50-60.
Saikia, S.K., Saha, S.K. & Majumder, S. (2013). Preliminary investigation on the diversity of plankton and periphyton from a freshwater pond stocked with rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 30(4), 183-186.
Shannon, C.E. & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Simpson, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688-688.
Suksri, J. & Boonsoong, B. 2013. Diversity of periphyton assemblages at the Phachi headwater streams, Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province. In The 4th STOU Graduate Research Conference. Bangkok: Sukhothai Thammathirat University. (in Thai)
Van Dam, A.A., Beveridge, M.C.M., Azim, M.E. & Verdegem, M.C.J. (2002). The potential of fish production based on periphyton. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 12, 1-31.
Wongrat, L. (2000). Zooplankton. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Wongrat, L. (2001). Phytoplankton. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Yu, Q., Wang, H.Z., Li, Y., Shao, J.C. & Liang, X.M. (2015). Effects of high nitrogen concentrations on the growth of submersed macrophytes at moderate phosphorus concentrations. Water Research, 83, 385-395.
Ashraf, P.M. & Edwin, L. (2016). Nano copper oxide incorporated polyethylene glycol hydrogel an efficient antifouling coating for cage fishing net. International Biodeterioration & Biodegration, 115, 39-48.
Azim, M.E., Wahab, M.A., Biswas, P.K., Asaeda, T., Fujino, T., & Verdegem, M.C.J. (2004). The effect of periphyton substrate density on production in freshwater polyculture ponds. Aquaculture, 232, 441-453.
Azim, M.E., Verdegem, M.C.J., van Dam, A.A. & Beveridge, M.C.M. (2005). Periphyton ecology exploitation and management. Cambridge: CABI Publishing.
Chindah, A.C., Braide, S.A., Amakiri, J. Ajibulu, O.O.K. (2009). Periphyton succession in a waste water treatment pond. Revista UDO Agricola, 9(3), 681-699.
Gaiser, E. (2009). Periphyton as an Indicator of Restoration in the Everglades. Ecological indicators, 9(6): 37-45.
Gillett, N.D., Pan, Y. & Kann, J. (2016). Spatial and temporal variability of river periphyton below a hypereutrophic lake and a series of dams. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 1382-1392.
Best, G., Bogacka, T. & Niemirycz, E. (1997). International river water quality: Pollution and restoration. London: CRC Press.
Dalu, T., Bere, T., Richoux, N.B. & Froneman, P.W. (2015). Assessment of the spatial and temporal variations in periphyton communities along a small temperate river system: A multimetric and stable isotope analysis approach. South African Journal of Botany, 100, 203-212.
Jarupan, B. & Jarupan, N. (2006). Protozoa in Freshwater. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Lowe, R.L. & Gale, W.F. (1980). Monitoring river periphyton with artificial benthic substrates. Hydrobiologia, 69(3), 235-244.
Liu, J., Wang, F., Liu, W., Tang, C., Wu, C. & Wu, Y. (2016). Nutrient removal by up-scaling a hybrid floating treatment bed (HFTB) using plant and periphyton: From laboratory tank to polluted river. Bioresource Technology, 207, 142-149.
Lu, H., Feng, Y., Wang, J., Wu, Y., Shao, H. & Yang, L. (2016). Responses of periphyton morphology, structure, and function to extreme nutrient loading. Environmental Pollution, 214, 878-884.
Peerapornpisal, Y. (2013). Freshwater Algae in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Applied Algal Research Laboratory, Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University. (in Thai)
Pichitkul, P. (2007). Periphyton in Ping Basin. In Proceedings of 45th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 118-127). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Sakr, E.M., Shalaby, S.M., Wassef, E.A., El-Sayed, A.F.M. & Moneim, A.I.A. (2015). Evaluation of Periphyton as a food source for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles fed reduced protein levels in cages. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 27, 50-60.
Saikia, S.K., Saha, S.K. & Majumder, S. (2013). Preliminary investigation on the diversity of plankton and periphyton from a freshwater pond stocked with rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 30(4), 183-186.
Shannon, C.E. & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Simpson, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688-688.
Suksri, J. & Boonsoong, B. 2013. Diversity of periphyton assemblages at the Phachi headwater streams, Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province. In The 4th STOU Graduate Research Conference. Bangkok: Sukhothai Thammathirat University. (in Thai)
Van Dam, A.A., Beveridge, M.C.M., Azim, M.E. & Verdegem, M.C.J. (2002). The potential of fish production based on periphyton. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 12, 1-31.
Wongrat, L. (2000). Zooplankton. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Wongrat, L. (2001). Phytoplankton. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Yu, Q., Wang, H.Z., Li, Y., Shao, J.C. & Liang, X.M. (2015). Effects of high nitrogen concentrations on the growth of submersed macrophytes at moderate phosphorus concentrations. Water Research, 83, 385-395.
Downloads
Published
2016-10-19
Issue
Section
Research Article
