Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of culture filtrate-extracts from halophilic fungus Aspergillus sp. SSPB4332
Abstract
Aspergillus sp. SSPB4332 is halophilic fungus growing on potato dextrose agar salinity up to 250 ppt. The fungal strain was cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB/DW) as well as 30 ppt salinity-potato dextrose broth (PDB/SW), and the culture filtrates were subjected to ethyl acetate extraction. Disk diffusion assay was adopted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of crude extracts against Gram positive bacteria; Bacillus cereus TISTR 008 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Gram negative bacteria; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311, and yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The crude extracts of culture filtrates from PDB/DW and PDB/SW exhibited more potent inhibitory effect against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria and yeast. The MIC of crude extracts from PDB/SW against B. cereus and S. aureus were 128 and 256 µg/ml, respectively, whereas the MIC of PDB/DW crude extracts against all of these strains were 512 µg/ml. The seven components with the Rf values of 0.49, 0.53, 0.57, 0.61, 0.63, 0.68 and 0.72 respectively were separated from both crude extracts by thin layer chromatography in toluene:methanol:acetone solvent system at the ratio of 6:1:3 (v/v). Besides antimicrobial substance(s), the production of potent antioxidant(s) compared to 1.25 mg/ml ascorbic acid was also pronounced by Aspergillus sp. SSPB4332.Keywords: halophilic fungi, crude extract, antibacterial, anti-yeast, antioxidantReferences
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Supaphon, P., Phongpaichit, S., Rukachaisirikul, V., & Sakayaroj, J. (2013). Antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi derived from three seagrass species: Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072520.
Sepcic, K., Zalar, P., & Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2011). Low water activity induces the production of bioactive metabolites in halophilic and halotolerant fungi. Marine Drugs, 9, 43-58.
Yadav, M., Yadav, A., & Yadav, J.P. (2014). In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia jambolana Lam. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7, 256-261.
Arora, D.S., & Chandra, P. (2010). Assay of antioxidant potential of two Aspergillus isolates by different methods under various physio-chemical conditions. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41, 765-777.
Bugni, T.S., & Ireland, C.M. (2004). Marine-derived fungi: a chemically and biologically diverse group of microorganism. Natural Product Reports, 21, 143-163.
Canturk, Z., Dikmen, M., Ozturk, N., Kocabiyik, E., & Ilhan S. (2013). Antioxidant properties of halotolerant Penicillium chrysogenum var. chrysogenum secondary metabolites. E-Health and Bioengineering, 4, 1-4.
Cantrell, S.A., Casillas-Martínez, L., & Molina, M. (2006). Characterization of fungi from hypersaline environments of solar salterns using morphological and molecular techniques. Mycological Research, 110, 962–970.
Demain, A.L. (2007). The business of Biotechnology. Industrial Biotechnology, 3, 269-283.
Devasaqayam, T.P., Tilak, J.C., Boloor, K.K., Sane, K.S., Ghaskadbi, S.S., & Lele, R.D. (2004). Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 52, 794-804.
Frisvad, J.C. (2005). Halotolerant and halophilic fungi and their extrolite production. In N. Gunde-Cimerman, A. Oren, & A. Plemenitas (Eds.), Adaptation to life at high salt concentrations in archaea, bacteria and eukarya. (pp. 425-439). Netherlands: Springer.
Frieden, T. (2013). Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 49-89.
Gunde-Cimerman, N., & Zalar, P. (2014). Extremely halotolerant and halophilic fungi inhabit brine. Journal of Biotechnology, 52, 170-179.
Jois, H.R., Sarkar, A., & Gurusiddaiah, S. (1986). Antifungal macrodiolide from Streptomyces sp. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 30, 458-464.
Kushner, D.J. (1993). Growth and nutrition of halophilic bacteria. In R.H. Vreeland, & L.I. Hochstein. (Eds.), The biology
of halophilic bacteria, (pp 87-103). Florida: CRC Press.
Lebogang, L., Taylor, J.E., & Mubyana- John, T. (2009). A preliminary study of the fungi associated with saltpans in Botswana and their anti-microbial properties. Bioremediation, Biodiversity and Bioavailability © 2009 Global Science Books.
Lee, Y.M., Kim, M.J., Li, H., Zhang, P., Bao, B., Lee, K.J., & Jung, J.H. (2013). Marine-derived Aspergillus species as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Marine Biotechnology, 15, 499-519.
Mahboubi, M., Mahboubi, A., & Kazempour, N. (2015). The antimicrobial activity of Prunella vulgaris extracts. Herba Polonica, 1, 31-38.
Margesin, R., & Schinner, F. (2001). Potential of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms for biotechnology. Extremophiles, 5, 73-83.
Mayer, A.M.S., & Hamann, M.T. (2004). Marine Pharmacology in 2000: Marine compounds with antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Marine Biotechnology, 6, 37-52.
Moubasher, A.H., Abdel-Hafez, S.I.I., Bagy, M.M.K., & Abdel-Satar, M.A. (1990). Halophilic and halotolerant fungi in cultivated desert and salt marsh soils from Egypt. Acta Mycologica , 26, 65-81.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. (2004). Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved guideline. Document M44-A. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. (2006). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved standard (7thed.). M7-A7. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2008). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved standard (3rded.). M27–A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2012). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved standard (11thed.). M02-A11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
Nayak, S.S., Gonsalves, V., & Nazareth, S.W. (2012). Isolation and salt tolerance of halophilic fungi from mangroves and solar salterns in Goa-India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 42, 164-172.
Nazareth, S., Gonsalves, V. and Nayak, S. (2012). A first record of obligate halophilic Aspergilli from the Dead Sea. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52, 22-27.
Percival, M. (1996). Antioxidants. Clinical Nutrition Insights, NUT031 1/96 Rev. 10/98.
Reuters (2016). Drug-resistant bacterial infections rising in Thailand, study says. Retrieved October 19, 2016 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/thailand-health-idUSL3N1BJ20G
Supaphon, P., Phongpaichit, S., Rukachaisirikul, V., & Sakayaroj, J. (2013). Antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi derived from three seagrass species: Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072520.
Sepcic, K., Zalar, P., & Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2011). Low water activity induces the production of bioactive metabolites in halophilic and halotolerant fungi. Marine Drugs, 9, 43-58.
Yadav, M., Yadav, A., & Yadav, J.P. (2014). In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia jambolana Lam. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7, 256-261.
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2016-11-17
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