Resistant Starch
Abstract
The least composition of starch but the great benefit on health is called “resistant starch” which can be used as prebiotics (nutrition) for the probiotics (healthy or live bacteria). This article focuses on the types, sources, digestion and absorption, fermentation, benefits and the scientific research of resistant starch in both human and animal model to confirm its health promotion especially at the colon of gastrointestinal tract. Keywords: starch, resistant starch, prebiotics, probioticsReferences
Baghurst, P.A., Baghurst, K.I. and Record, S.I. (1996). Dietary fiber, non-starch polysaccharides and resistant
starch: A review. Food Australia, 48(Suppl), S3-35.
Barrett, K.E., Barman, S.M., Boitano, S. and Brooks, H.L. (2010). Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology,
23rd ed (p.451). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Champ, M., Marti, L., Noah, I., & Gratas, M. (1999). Analytical methods for resistant starch. Complex
Carbohydrates in Food (p.169-187). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Clark, J.M., Topping, D.L., Bird, A.R., Young, G.P. and Cobiac, L. (2008). Effects of high-amylose maize
starch and butylated high-amylose maize starch on azoxymethane-induced intestinal cancer in rats.
Carcinogenesis, 29(11), 2190-2194.
Collison, R. (1968). Swelling and gelation of starch. Starch and it derivatives (p.168-193). London-Chapman
:Hall Ltd.
Conlon, M.A. and Bird, A.R. (2003). Interactions of dietary fibre and resistant starch with oil on genetic
damage in the rat colon. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12, S54.
Cummings, J.H. and Macfarlane, G.T. (2002). Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics. British Journal of Nutrition,
87 (Suppl), S145-151.
Englyst, H.N., and Hudson, G.J. (1992). The classification and measurement of dietary carbohydrates. Food
Chemistry, 57, 15-21.
Englyst, H.N., Kingman, S.M., & Cummings, J.H. (1992). Classification and measurements of nutritionally
important starch fraction. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46(2), S33-50.
Ewing, W.N and Cole, D.J.A. (1994). The living gut. An introduction to micro-organisms in nutrition,
Dungannon, Ireland: Context.
Fuller R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 66, 365-378.
Garcia, A., Antonio, J.E. and Nuria, M.C. (1999). Assessment of some parameters involved in the
gelatinization and retrogradation of starch. Food Chemistry, 66, 181-187.
Gibson, G.R., Mccartney, A.L. and Rastall, R.A. (2005). Prebiotics and resistance to gastrointestinal infections.
British Journal of Nutrition. 93(Suppl), S31-34.
Guyton, A.C. and Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th ed. Digestion and absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract. (p. 808-818). Pennsylvania: Elsevier.
Haring, J., Soergel, K., Komorowski, R. and Wood, C. (1995). Treatment of diversion colitis with short chain
fatty acid irrigation. New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 359-364.
Higgins, J.A., Dana, H.R., Donahoo, W.T., Brown, J.L., Bell, M.L. and Bessesen, D.H. (2004). Resistant starch
consumption promotes lipid peroxidation. Nutrition and Metabolism, 1, 1-8.
Higgins, J.A. and Brown, I.L. (2013). Resistant starch. Current Opinion In Gastroenterology, 29(2), 190.
Kerr, R. W. (1950). Chemistry and Industry of Starch. 2nd ed. (p. 791). New York: Academic Press.
Lii, C.Y., Chang, S.M. and Young, Y.L. (1982). Investigation of the physical and chemical properties of banana
starches. Journal of Food Science, 47, 1493-1497.
Lopez, H.W., Verny, M.A.L., Coudray, C., Besson, C., Krespine, V., Messager, A., Demigne, C. and
Remesy, C. (2001). Class 2 resistant starches lower plasma and liver lipids and improve mineral
retention in rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(4), 1283-1289.
Mcorist, A.L., Miller, R.B., Bird, A.R., Keogh, J.B., Noakes, M., Topping, D.L. and Conlon, M.A. (2011). Fecal
butyrate levels vary widely among individuals but are usually increased by a diet high in resistant
starch. The Journal of Nutrition, 141(5), 883-889.
Nugent, A.P. (2005). Health properties of resistant starch. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 30(1),
27-54.
Raben, A., Tagliabue, A., Christensen, N.J., Madsn, J., Holst, J.J. and Astrup, A. (1994). Resistant starch: The
effect on postprandial glycemia, hormonal response and satiety. The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 60, 544-551.
Sajilata, M.G., Singhal, R.S. and Kullami, P.R. (2006). Resistant starch: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in
Food Science and Food Safety, 5(1), 1-17.
Stephen, A.M. (1991). Starch and dietary fibre: their physiological and epidemiological interrelationships.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 69, 615-618.
Surojanamatakul, V. (2006). Glycemic index of food. Food Journal, 36, 183-187. (in Thai)
Toden, S. and Bird, A.R. (2003). Resistant starch attenuates colonic DNA damage induced by a high protein
diet in rats. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12, S13.
Topping, D.L. and Clifton, P.M. (2001). Short chain fatty acid and human colonic function: Roles of
resistant and non starch polysaccharides. Physiological Review, 81(3), 1031-1064.
Tso, P. (2003). Medical Physiology, 2nd ed. (p. 499). Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Whistler, R. L., & Bemiller, J.N. (1999). Carbohydrate chemistry for food scientist American association of
cereal chemists. St. Paul: MN.
Wong, J.M.W., Souza, R.D., Kendall, C.W.C., Emam, A. and Jenkins, D.J. (2006). Colonic health: fermentation
and short chain fatty acids. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 40(3), 235-243.
Wrong, O.M., Edmonds, C.J. and Chadwick, V.S. (1981). The large intestine: Its role in mammalian nutrition
and homeostasis. New York. Halsted Press.
Yook, C., Pek, U.H., & Park, K.H. (1993). Gelatinization and retrogradation characteristics of
hydroxypropylated and cross-linked rices. Journal of Food Science, 58, 405-407.
starch: A review. Food Australia, 48(Suppl), S3-35.
Barrett, K.E., Barman, S.M., Boitano, S. and Brooks, H.L. (2010). Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology,
23rd ed (p.451). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Champ, M., Marti, L., Noah, I., & Gratas, M. (1999). Analytical methods for resistant starch. Complex
Carbohydrates in Food (p.169-187). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Clark, J.M., Topping, D.L., Bird, A.R., Young, G.P. and Cobiac, L. (2008). Effects of high-amylose maize
starch and butylated high-amylose maize starch on azoxymethane-induced intestinal cancer in rats.
Carcinogenesis, 29(11), 2190-2194.
Collison, R. (1968). Swelling and gelation of starch. Starch and it derivatives (p.168-193). London-Chapman
:Hall Ltd.
Conlon, M.A. and Bird, A.R. (2003). Interactions of dietary fibre and resistant starch with oil on genetic
damage in the rat colon. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12, S54.
Cummings, J.H. and Macfarlane, G.T. (2002). Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics. British Journal of Nutrition,
87 (Suppl), S145-151.
Englyst, H.N., and Hudson, G.J. (1992). The classification and measurement of dietary carbohydrates. Food
Chemistry, 57, 15-21.
Englyst, H.N., Kingman, S.M., & Cummings, J.H. (1992). Classification and measurements of nutritionally
important starch fraction. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46(2), S33-50.
Ewing, W.N and Cole, D.J.A. (1994). The living gut. An introduction to micro-organisms in nutrition,
Dungannon, Ireland: Context.
Fuller R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 66, 365-378.
Garcia, A., Antonio, J.E. and Nuria, M.C. (1999). Assessment of some parameters involved in the
gelatinization and retrogradation of starch. Food Chemistry, 66, 181-187.
Gibson, G.R., Mccartney, A.L. and Rastall, R.A. (2005). Prebiotics and resistance to gastrointestinal infections.
British Journal of Nutrition. 93(Suppl), S31-34.
Guyton, A.C. and Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th ed. Digestion and absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract. (p. 808-818). Pennsylvania: Elsevier.
Haring, J., Soergel, K., Komorowski, R. and Wood, C. (1995). Treatment of diversion colitis with short chain
fatty acid irrigation. New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 359-364.
Higgins, J.A., Dana, H.R., Donahoo, W.T., Brown, J.L., Bell, M.L. and Bessesen, D.H. (2004). Resistant starch
consumption promotes lipid peroxidation. Nutrition and Metabolism, 1, 1-8.
Higgins, J.A. and Brown, I.L. (2013). Resistant starch. Current Opinion In Gastroenterology, 29(2), 190.
Kerr, R. W. (1950). Chemistry and Industry of Starch. 2nd ed. (p. 791). New York: Academic Press.
Lii, C.Y., Chang, S.M. and Young, Y.L. (1982). Investigation of the physical and chemical properties of banana
starches. Journal of Food Science, 47, 1493-1497.
Lopez, H.W., Verny, M.A.L., Coudray, C., Besson, C., Krespine, V., Messager, A., Demigne, C. and
Remesy, C. (2001). Class 2 resistant starches lower plasma and liver lipids and improve mineral
retention in rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(4), 1283-1289.
Mcorist, A.L., Miller, R.B., Bird, A.R., Keogh, J.B., Noakes, M., Topping, D.L. and Conlon, M.A. (2011). Fecal
butyrate levels vary widely among individuals but are usually increased by a diet high in resistant
starch. The Journal of Nutrition, 141(5), 883-889.
Nugent, A.P. (2005). Health properties of resistant starch. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 30(1),
27-54.
Raben, A., Tagliabue, A., Christensen, N.J., Madsn, J., Holst, J.J. and Astrup, A. (1994). Resistant starch: The
effect on postprandial glycemia, hormonal response and satiety. The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 60, 544-551.
Sajilata, M.G., Singhal, R.S. and Kullami, P.R. (2006). Resistant starch: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in
Food Science and Food Safety, 5(1), 1-17.
Stephen, A.M. (1991). Starch and dietary fibre: their physiological and epidemiological interrelationships.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 69, 615-618.
Surojanamatakul, V. (2006). Glycemic index of food. Food Journal, 36, 183-187. (in Thai)
Toden, S. and Bird, A.R. (2003). Resistant starch attenuates colonic DNA damage induced by a high protein
diet in rats. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12, S13.
Topping, D.L. and Clifton, P.M. (2001). Short chain fatty acid and human colonic function: Roles of
resistant and non starch polysaccharides. Physiological Review, 81(3), 1031-1064.
Tso, P. (2003). Medical Physiology, 2nd ed. (p. 499). Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Whistler, R. L., & Bemiller, J.N. (1999). Carbohydrate chemistry for food scientist American association of
cereal chemists. St. Paul: MN.
Wong, J.M.W., Souza, R.D., Kendall, C.W.C., Emam, A. and Jenkins, D.J. (2006). Colonic health: fermentation
and short chain fatty acids. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 40(3), 235-243.
Wrong, O.M., Edmonds, C.J. and Chadwick, V.S. (1981). The large intestine: Its role in mammalian nutrition
and homeostasis. New York. Halsted Press.
Yook, C., Pek, U.H., & Park, K.H. (1993). Gelatinization and retrogradation characteristics of
hydroxypropylated and cross-linked rices. Journal of Food Science, 58, 405-407.
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Published
2017-02-09
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