Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamon and Garcinia Crude Extracts on Alpha-amylase, Lipase, Trypsin and Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor exacerbating metabolic disorders such as diabetes. To reduce a risk, one can control the weight by lowering an availability of glucose and fatty acid in digestive system. This research aimed to study the effects of cinnamon and garcinia crude extracts on activities of 3 digestive enzymes, including alpha-amylase, lipase and trypsin and an enzyme in alcohol metabolism pathway, alcohol dehydrogenase. Dried cinnamon and garcinia were extracted with distilled water, 95% ethanol or ethyl acetate at room temperature (27±2°C) or at 60°C and evaluated their inhibitory properties on digestive enzyme activities. Results demonstrated that extracts from cinnamon significantly inhibited activities of both alpha-amylase and trypsin (IC50 < 10 and 67.76 µg/ml, respectively). Meanwhile, extracts from garcinia specifically inhibited an activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (IC50 43.62 µg/ml). Taken together, these results suggested that cinnamon and garcinia contained bioactive agents capable of specifically inhibiting activities of alpha-amylase and trypsin and an activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, respectively. Keywords: inhibitors of enzyme activity, digestive enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase, cinnamon, garciniaReferences
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Alias,N., Leow T.C., Ali M.S.M., Tajudin A.A., Salleh A.B. & Rahman R.N.Z.R.A. (2014). Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Potential of Selected Malaysian Plants. Proceeding of the 30th Annual Seminar of The Malaysian Natural Products Soceity Moving Translational Research In Natural Products Forward International Conference of Natural Products, 151-154.
Apostolidis, E., Kwon, Y., & Shetty, K. (2006). Potential of cranberry-based herbal synergies for diabetes and hypertension Management. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 15 (3), 433-441.
Baker, H., Luisada-Opper A., Sorrell, M.F., Thomson, A.D., & Frank, O. (1973). Inhibition by nicotinic acid of hepatic steatosis and alcohol dehydrogenase in ethanol-treated rats. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 19, 106-112.
Bergmeyer, H. U., Gawehn, K., & Grassl, M. (1974). Trypsin. In Bergmeyer, H. U., (Ed.), Methods of enzymatic analysis. (pp. 515–516). New York: Academic Press.
Chuah, L.O., Yeap, S.K., Ho, W.Y., Beh, B.K., & Alitheen, N.B. (2012). In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of Garcinia or Hydroxycitric Acid: A Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi: 10.1155/2012/197920.
Crabb, D.W., Matsumoto, M., Chang, D., & You, M. (2004). Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related pathology. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society, 63, 49-63.
Eriksson, C. J. (2001). The role of acetaldehyde in the actions of alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 15-32.
Grundlingh, J., Dargan, P., Zanfaly, M., & Wood, D. (2011). 2, 4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): a weight loss agent with significant acute toxicity and risk of death. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 7, 205-212.
Gupta, R., Gigras, P., Mohapatra, H., Goswami, V., & Chauhan, B. (2003). Microbial α- amylase: a biotechnological perspective. Process Biochemistry, 38, 1599-1616.
Inoue, K., Kera, Y., Kiriyama, T., & Komura, S. (1985). Suppression of acetaldehyde accumulation by 4- methylpyrazole in alcohol-hypersensitive. Japanese Pharmacol, 38, 43-48.
Ioannides-Demos, L., Piccenna, L., & McNeil, J. (2011). Pharmacotherapies for obesity: past, current, and future therapies. Journal of Obesity, doi: 10.1155/2011/179674.
Kaewpiboon, C., Lirdprapamongkol, K., Srisomsap, C., Winayanuwattikun, P., Yongvanich, T., Puwaprisirisan, P., Svasti, J., & Assavalapsakul, W. (2012). Studies of the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of selected Thai medicinal plants. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(217), 1-8.
Khan, A., Safdar, M., Khan, M.M.A., Khattak, K.N., & Anderson R.A. (2003). Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26, 3215-3218.
Lewis, D., & Liu, D. (2012). Direct Measurement of lipase inhibition by orlist at using a dissolution linked in vitro assay. Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000103.
Li, S., Gan, L.Q., Li, S.K., Zheng, J.C., Xu, D.P., & Li, H.B. (2014). Effects of herbal infusions, tea and carbonated beverages on alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Food & Function, 5, 42-49. Musa, M.Y., Griffith, A.M., Michels, A.J., Schneider, E., & Frei, B. (2012). Grape seed and tea extracts and catechin 3-gallates are potent inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, 8924-8929.
Nelson, D.L. & Cox, M.M. (2000). Lehninger principles of biochemistry, 3rd (Ed.), New York: Worth Publishers.
Pocker, Y. (2001). Bioinorganic and bioorganic studies of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 130(132), 383-393.
Roh, C., & Jung, U. (2012). Screening of crude plant extracts with anti-obesity activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13, 1710-1719.
Spigno, G., Tramelli, L., & De Faveri, D.M. (2007) Effects of extraction time, temperature and solvent on concentration and antioxidant activity of grape marc phenolics. Journal of Food Engineering, 81,
200-208.
Taber, R. (1998). The competitive inhibition of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by 2, 2, 2 trifluoroethanol. Biochemical Education, 26, 239-242.
Wright, S., & Aronne, L. (2012). Causes of obesity. Abdom Imaging, 37, 730–732.
Xiao, Z., Storms, R., & Tsang, A. (2006). A quantitative starch–iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities. Analytical Biochemistry, 351(1), 146-148.
Yamada, T., Hida, H., & Yamada, Y. (2007). Chemistry, physiological properties, and microbial production of hydroxycitric acid. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 75(5), 977–982.
Zheng, C., Duan, Y., Gao, J., & Ruan, Z. (2010). Screening for anti-lipase properties of 37 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Original Article, 73(6), 319-324.
Alias,N., Leow T.C., Ali M.S.M., Tajudin A.A., Salleh A.B. & Rahman R.N.Z.R.A. (2014). Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Potential of Selected Malaysian Plants. Proceeding of the 30th Annual Seminar of The Malaysian Natural Products Soceity Moving Translational Research In Natural Products Forward International Conference of Natural Products, 151-154.
Apostolidis, E., Kwon, Y., & Shetty, K. (2006). Potential of cranberry-based herbal synergies for diabetes and hypertension Management. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 15 (3), 433-441.
Baker, H., Luisada-Opper A., Sorrell, M.F., Thomson, A.D., & Frank, O. (1973). Inhibition by nicotinic acid of hepatic steatosis and alcohol dehydrogenase in ethanol-treated rats. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 19, 106-112.
Bergmeyer, H. U., Gawehn, K., & Grassl, M. (1974). Trypsin. In Bergmeyer, H. U., (Ed.), Methods of enzymatic analysis. (pp. 515–516). New York: Academic Press.
Chuah, L.O., Yeap, S.K., Ho, W.Y., Beh, B.K., & Alitheen, N.B. (2012). In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of Garcinia or Hydroxycitric Acid: A Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi: 10.1155/2012/197920.
Crabb, D.W., Matsumoto, M., Chang, D., & You, M. (2004). Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related pathology. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society, 63, 49-63.
Eriksson, C. J. (2001). The role of acetaldehyde in the actions of alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 15-32.
Grundlingh, J., Dargan, P., Zanfaly, M., & Wood, D. (2011). 2, 4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): a weight loss agent with significant acute toxicity and risk of death. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 7, 205-212.
Gupta, R., Gigras, P., Mohapatra, H., Goswami, V., & Chauhan, B. (2003). Microbial α- amylase: a biotechnological perspective. Process Biochemistry, 38, 1599-1616.
Inoue, K., Kera, Y., Kiriyama, T., & Komura, S. (1985). Suppression of acetaldehyde accumulation by 4- methylpyrazole in alcohol-hypersensitive. Japanese Pharmacol, 38, 43-48.
Ioannides-Demos, L., Piccenna, L., & McNeil, J. (2011). Pharmacotherapies for obesity: past, current, and future therapies. Journal of Obesity, doi: 10.1155/2011/179674.
Kaewpiboon, C., Lirdprapamongkol, K., Srisomsap, C., Winayanuwattikun, P., Yongvanich, T., Puwaprisirisan, P., Svasti, J., & Assavalapsakul, W. (2012). Studies of the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of selected Thai medicinal plants. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(217), 1-8.
Khan, A., Safdar, M., Khan, M.M.A., Khattak, K.N., & Anderson R.A. (2003). Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26, 3215-3218.
Lewis, D., & Liu, D. (2012). Direct Measurement of lipase inhibition by orlist at using a dissolution linked in vitro assay. Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000103.
Li, S., Gan, L.Q., Li, S.K., Zheng, J.C., Xu, D.P., & Li, H.B. (2014). Effects of herbal infusions, tea and carbonated beverages on alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Food & Function, 5, 42-49. Musa, M.Y., Griffith, A.M., Michels, A.J., Schneider, E., & Frei, B. (2012). Grape seed and tea extracts and catechin 3-gallates are potent inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, 8924-8929.
Nelson, D.L. & Cox, M.M. (2000). Lehninger principles of biochemistry, 3rd (Ed.), New York: Worth Publishers.
Pocker, Y. (2001). Bioinorganic and bioorganic studies of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 130(132), 383-393.
Roh, C., & Jung, U. (2012). Screening of crude plant extracts with anti-obesity activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13, 1710-1719.
Spigno, G., Tramelli, L., & De Faveri, D.M. (2007) Effects of extraction time, temperature and solvent on concentration and antioxidant activity of grape marc phenolics. Journal of Food Engineering, 81,
200-208.
Taber, R. (1998). The competitive inhibition of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by 2, 2, 2 trifluoroethanol. Biochemical Education, 26, 239-242.
Wright, S., & Aronne, L. (2012). Causes of obesity. Abdom Imaging, 37, 730–732.
Xiao, Z., Storms, R., & Tsang, A. (2006). A quantitative starch–iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities. Analytical Biochemistry, 351(1), 146-148.
Yamada, T., Hida, H., & Yamada, Y. (2007). Chemistry, physiological properties, and microbial production of hydroxycitric acid. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 75(5), 977–982.
Zheng, C., Duan, Y., Gao, J., & Ruan, Z. (2010). Screening for anti-lipase properties of 37 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Original Article, 73(6), 319-324.
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2016-12-06
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บทความวิจัยจากการประชุมวิชาการระดับชาติ"วิทยาศาสตร์วิจัย"ครั้งที่ 8
