Effects of Extraction Conditions on Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activities of Different Parts of Citrus aurantium L.
Abstract
This research study was aimed to determine the effect of extraction conditions on total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of different part of Citrus aurantium L. extracts. The peels, leaves, and branches of C. aurantium L. were extracted with water (autoclave 121°C), water (100 °C), ethanol 40%, 70%, and 95% v/v, respectively. The peel extract exhibited superior total phenolic content, reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activity than that leaf and branch extract. In contrast, total flavonoid content of leaf extracts were higher than that peel and branch extract. The water (100°C) extract of peels and leaves and water (autoclave 121°C) extract of branches with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.236 ± 0.008, 0.579 ± 0.021, and 0.733 ± 0.002 mg/mL, respectively).Total phenolic content showed positive correlations on the DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power (R = 0.5606 and R = 0.8358, respectively). These results suggest that the peels, leaves and branches of Citrus aurantium L. are sources of antioxidant which might have potential for dietary supplement and cosmetics.Keywords : total phenolic, total flavonoid, antioxidant, Citrus aurantium L.References
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Benamrouchea, L. L., & Madani, K. (2013). Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of orange varieties (Citrus sinensis L. and Citrus aurantium L.) cultivated in Algeria: Peels and leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 50, 723-730.
Karimi, E., Oskoueian, E., Hendra, R., Oskoueian, A., & Jaarar, H. Z. (2012). Phenolic Compounds Characterization and Biological Activities of Citrus aurantium Bloom. Molecules, 17, 1203-1218.
Karoui, I. J., & Marzouk, B. (2013). Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter
Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities. Hindawi Publishing Coporation, 2013, 345-415.
Li, B. B., Smith, B., & Hossian, M. M. (2006). Extraction of phenolics from citrus peels
I. Solvent extraction method. Separation and Purification Technology, 48, 182-188.
Lou, N. S., Lai, C. Y., Hsu, S. Y., & Ho, T. C. (2014). Flavonoid compositions and antioxidant activity of calamondin extracts prepared using different solvents. Journal of Food and Druganalysis, 22,
290-295.
Lou, N. S., Lai, C. Y., Hsu, S. Y., & Ho, T. C. (2016). Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. Food Chemistry, 197, 1-6.
Mathew, B., Shajie, D., Wadhwa, N., Murthy, K., Murthy, K., & Rashmi, M. (2013). Comparative
antioxidant efficacy of Citrus limonum pulp and peel e An in vitro study.
Drug Invention Today, 5, 296-301.
Moulehi, I., Bourgou, S., Ourghemmi, I., & Tounsi, M. S. (2012). Variety and ripening impact on
phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) and bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seeds extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 39, 74-80.
Nair, V. D., Panneerselvam, R., & Gopi, R. (2012). Studies on methanolic extract of Rauvolfia
species from Southern Western Ghats of India – In vitro antioxidant properties,
characterisation of nutrients and phytochemicals. Industrial Crops and Products, 39,
17-25.
Ramful, D., Bahorun, T., Bourdon, E., Tarnus, E., & Aruoma, O. (2010). Bioactive phenolics and antioxidant propensity of flavedo extracts of Mauritian citrus fruits: Potential prophylactic ingredients for functional foods application. Toxicology, 278, 75-87.
Srisook, K., Salee, P., Charoensuk, Y., & Srisook, E. (2010). In vitro anti-oxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of the rhizomal extracts from Amomum biflorum Jack. Thai Journal of Botany, 2 (Special Issue),
143-150. (in Thai)
Sarrou, E., Chatzopoulou, P., Theriou, K. D., & Therios, I. (2013). Volatile Constituents and antioxidant activity
of peel, flowers and leaf oils of Citrus aurantium L. growing in Greece. Molecules, 18, 10639-10647.
Su, M. S., Shyu, Y. T., & Chien, P. J. (2008). Antioxidant activities of citrus herbal product extracts. Food
Chemistry, 111, 892-896.
Tienboon, P. (2010). The role of antioxidant on health. Thai Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 4(2), 69-76. (in thai)
Vajragupta, O., Boonchoong, P., Boonyarut, C., & Utsintong, M. (2007). Radical Scavenging Agents. (2). Bangkok : New Thailand friendly printing. (in Thai)
Wattanakul, U., Wattanakul, W., Lerssuthichawal, T., & Puengyam, P. (2009). Determination of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoid Contents of Mangrove Plants Extracts from Rajamangala Beach, Trang Province. TSU Conference 19. Songkla: Thaksin University. (in Thai)
World Health Organization. (2014). Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2014. Retrieved 17
June 2016, from http://www. who.int/global-coordination-mechanism/publications/ncds-country-profiles-eng.pdf
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Published
2017-02-16
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