Activated Carbon from Tamarind Wood Supported TiO2 for Methylene Blue Dye Removal in Wastewater by Photocatalytic Process
Abstract
The activated carbon from Tamarind Wood supported TiO2 for the application of Methylene Blue (MB) removed in wastewater by photocatalytic process. The carbon from Tamarind Wood was activated by the chemical activation with H3PO4. The characterization of the activated carbon from Tamarind Wood were determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Iodine number and MB test, respectively. The results were found that the activated carbon from Tamarind Wood provided higher surface area and more porosity when compared to that of the carbon from Tamarind Wood. Iodine number and MB test were 700 and 120 mg/g, respectively. The studies of calcined temperature and the number of TiO2 coating cycle on the activated carbon from Tamarind Wood were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM. The calcined temperature at 500°C with 10 coating cycles of TiO2 generated the catalyst of anatase TiO2 on the activated carbon from Tamarind Wood. The XRD patterns of anatase TiO2 catatyst showed the presence of peaks at 2θ of 25.32° 37.80° 48.05° and 55.06°, respectively. The experiment of MB removal in wastewater of the TiO2 coated on the activated carbon from Tamarind Wood was performed using photocatalytic process. It was found that the efficiency persentage of MB removal in wastewatwer was 97.76 with the TiO2 coated on the activated carbon from Tamarind Wood via photocatalytic process. Keywords: activated carbon, tamarind Wood, methylene blue dye, titanium dioxide, photocatalyticReferences
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methylene blue in aqueous TiO2 dispersions UV irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
A: Chemistry, 140, 163-172.
Wuyi Z., Peng Z., Weian L. (2012). Anatase TiO2 nanospindle/activated carbon (AC) composite photocatalysts
with enhanced activity in removal of organic contaminant. Journal of Photoenergy, 1–7.
Zhaohong Z., Fengyang Y., Lirong H., Jianaerguli J., Yuanyuan L., Lijun S., Ning Y., Dionysios D. D. (2014).
Confirmation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated in the presence of TiO2 supported on AC under
microwave irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 278, 152–157.
supported TiO2: Effect of activated carbon support and aqueous anions. Chemical Engineering Journal,
171, 1098–1107.
Chih-Chung M., Hung-Shan W. (2009). Promoting effect of adding carbon black to TiO2 for aqueous
photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 155, 744–749.
Chi-Hsin W., Jin-Fang S., Chu-Fu W., Chien-Te H. (2008). Synthesis and photocatalytic characterization of titania-
supported bamboo charcoals by using sol-gel method. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,
203, 326-332.
Chin-Chuan L., Yung-Hsu H., Pao-Fan L., Chia-Hsin L., Chao-Lang K. (2006). Photodegradation treatment of azo
dye wastewater by UV/TiO2 process. Journal of Dyes and Pigment, 68, 191-195.
Chooaksorn W. (2012). Color removal technology in industrial wastewater. Burapha Science Journal, 17(1),
181–191. (in Thai)
Emine Y., Mehmet S. T., Anthony B., Zeki A. (2013). Preparation of activated carbon from autohydrolysed mixed
southern hardwood. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 104, 470-478.
Farida K., Salim B., Tarek B., Mohamed T., Zoubida B. (2013). Preparation and characterization of activated
carbon from wild olive cores (oleaster) by H3PO4 for the removal of Basic Red 46. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 54, 296-306.
Foo K.Y, Hameed B.H. (2010). Decontamination of textile wastewater via TiO2/activated carbon composite
materials. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 159, 130–143.
Hadoun H., Sadaoui Z., Souami N., Sahel D., Toumert I. (2013). Characterization of mesoporous carbon prepared
from date stems by H3PO4 chemical activation. Applied Surface Science, 280, 1-7.
Hao M., Wei H., Xinxin X., Junli X., Xia Z. (2014). TiO2-loaded activated carbon fiber: Hydrothermal synthesis,
adsorption properties and photo catalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Particuology, 14, 38-43.
Hoang A.L., Le T. L., Sungmin C., Jongsoo J. (2012). Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by a
combination of TiO2-anatase and coconut shell activated carbon. Journal of Powder Technology, 225,
167–175.
Kumton A., Kuanchertchoo N., Suphaphol P., Pavasant P., Lumbikanonda N. (2011). Characterization of sol-gel
derived TiO2 thin films. The 12th Graduate Research Conference. (pp. 1034-1041). Khon Kaen
University. (in Thai)
Li Y., Zhou X., Chen W., Li L., Zen M., Qin S., Sun S. (2012). Photodecolorization of Rhodamine B on tungsten-
doped TiO2/activated carbon under visible-light irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 227–228,
25–33.
Meltem A., Sadiye S. (2012). TiO2-activated carbon photocatalysts: Preparation, characterization and
photocatalytic activities. Chemical Engineering Journal, 180, 354–363.
Meng-xiong Z., You-ji L., Ming-yuan M., Wei C., Lei-yong L. (2013). Photocatalytic activity and kinetics for acid
yellow degradation over surface composites of TiO2-coated activated carbon under different
photocatalytic conditions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 23, 1019–1027.
Office of Industrial Economics. (2014). The summary of economic circumstance industry A.D. 2014 and the
tendency of A.D. 2015. Ministry of Industry Thailand, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Omri A., Lambert S.D., Geens J., Bennour F. Benzina M. (2014). Synthesis, surface characterization and
photocatalytic activity of TiO2 supported on almond shell activated carbon. Journal of Materials
Science & Technology, 30(9), 894-902.
Ould-Idriss A., Stitou M., Cuerda-Correa E.M., Fernández-González C., Macías-García A., Alexandre-Franco
M.F., Gómez-Serrano V. (2011). Preparation of activated carbons from olive-tree wood revisited.
I. Chemical activation with H3PO4. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 261-265.
Ragupathy S., Raghu K., Prabu P. (2015). Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 loaded cashew nut shell
activated carbon and photocatalytic activity on BG and MB dyes under sunlight radiation.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 138, 314–320.
Sangchay W. (2012). Influence of temperature on crystallite size and phase content of TiO2 powder by sol-gel
method. SKRU Academic Journal, 5(1), 46–52. (in Thai)
Sutha W., Kurnruang P. (2010). Treatment from textile industry wastewater on TiO2 film coated rotor. Senior Project
of Environment Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat
University. (in Thai)
Takashi S., Masahito T. (2006). Enhancement of phage inactivation using photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles
with different crystalline structures. Journal of Biochemical Engineering, 28, 303-308.
Tarek S.J., Montaser Y.G., Nady A.F., Tarek A.A., Lars Ö. (2012). Enhancement of TiO2 behavior on photocatalytic
oxidation of MO dye using TiO2/AC under visible irradiation and sunlight radiation. Separation and
Purification Technology, 98, 270-279.
Thailand Textile Institute. (2011). Thailand textile and clothes of industrial development road map A.D. 2010-
2016. Office of the Permanent Secretary, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Tianyong Z., Toshiyuki O., Akio A., Hisao H., Jincai Z., Nick S. (2001). Photooxidative N-demathylation of
methylene blue in aqueous TiO2 dispersions UV irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
A: Chemistry, 140, 163-172.
Wuyi Z., Peng Z., Weian L. (2012). Anatase TiO2 nanospindle/activated carbon (AC) composite photocatalysts
with enhanced activity in removal of organic contaminant. Journal of Photoenergy, 1–7.
Zhaohong Z., Fengyang Y., Lirong H., Jianaerguli J., Yuanyuan L., Lijun S., Ning Y., Dionysios D. D. (2014).
Confirmation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated in the presence of TiO2 supported on AC under
microwave irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 278, 152–157.
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2016-09-20
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