Effect of Glyphosate on Fish Behavior and Histological Alteration of Gills in Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer)
Abstract
Study on effects of glyphosate on Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) after exposure at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h , and the concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg L-1 by measuring behavior change, assess mortality rate and gill tissue alterations of fish were done. The results showed that the exposed glyphosate fish swam erratically with jerky movement. Their movement was loss of balance and faster than that of in the non-exposed. Their body color and gill were fade out. Moreover, edema of gill and abdominal were observed. Hemorrhage was found in various parts of the body. The mortality percentage increased with an increasing in exposure time. LC50 of glyphosate in Asian sea bass after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure were 5.57, 3.55, 2.5 and 0.76 mg L-1, respectively. The alteration found could be distinguished as 3 stages: (1) edema, fusion of lamellae irregular thickening of primary lamellae epithelium and epithelial lifting, (2) blood congestion and (3) lamellar aneurysm and necrosis of lamellae. This responsiveness of Asian sea bass can be used as an early warning signal monitoring glyphosate pollution in the water. Keywords: Asian sea bass, Behavior, Glyphosate, Histology, HerbicideReferences
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Mallatt, J. (1985). Fish gill structure changes induced by toxicants and other irritants: a statistical review. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 630-648.
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Schwaiger, J., Wanke, R., Adam, S., Pawert, M., Honnen, W., & Triebskorn, R. (1997). The use of
histopathological indicators to evaluate contaminant-related stress in fish. Journal of Aquatic
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Shiogiri, N.S., Paulino, M.G., Carraschi, S.P., Baraldi, F.G., Cruz, C., & Fernandes, M.N. (2012). Acute exposure of a glyphosate-based herbicide affects the gills and liver of the Neotropical fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 34, 388-396.
Stebbing, A.R.D. (1985). A possible synthesis. In B.L., Bayne. (Eds.). The effects of stress and pollution on marine animals, New York: Praeger.
Tsui, M.T., & Chu, L.M. (2008). Environmental fate and non-target impact of glyphosate-based herbicides (Roundup) in a subtropical wetland. Chemosphere, 71, 439-446.
Tu, M., Hurd, C., & Randall, J.M. (2001). Weed control method handbook: Tools and Techniques for use in natural Areas. California: The nature Conservancy.
Turchini GM, Torstensen BE, Ng WK. (2009). Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Reviews of Aquaculture, 1, 10-57.
US Environmental protection Agency (USEPA).(1993). Registration Eligibility Decision (RED): Glyphosate. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1994). Glyphosate. Environmental Health Criteria 159. WHO,
Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1996). Data sheets on pesticides: glyphosate. International Programme on Chemical safety, Food and Agriculture Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Differential effects of glyphosate and roundup on human placental cells and aromatase.
Ayanda, O.I., & Egbamuno, E.A. (2012). Histology examination of the liver and gills of Clarias gariepinus treated with glyphosate. Environmental Research Journal 6(3), 228-234.
Ayoola, S.O. (2008). Toxicity of glyphosate herbicide on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juvenile. African Journal of Agricultural research, 3(12), 825-834.
Cavas, T., & KÖnen, S. (2007). Detection of cytogenetic and DNA damage in the peripheral goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to a glyphosate formulation using the micronucleus test and comet assay. Mutagenesis, 22, 263-268.
Cerqueira, C.C.C., & Fernandes, M.N. (2002). Gill tissue recovery after copper exposure and blood parameter responses in the tropical fish, Prochilodus scrofa. Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety, 52, 83-91.
Flores-Lopes, F., & Thomaz, A.T. (2011). Histopathologic alterations observed in fish gills as a tool in environmental monitoring. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(1), 179-188.
FIGIS. (2006). Global aquaculture production 1950-2004. Rome, Italy: FAO
Gilchrist, D., & Kosuge, T. (1980). Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and its regulation (pp. 507-531). In Miflin BN (Eds.), New York: The Biochemistry of Plants Academic Press.
Guilherme, S., Gaivãob, I., Santosa, M.A., & Pachecoa, M. (2012). DNA damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to a glyphosate-based herbicide-Elucidation of organ-specificity and the role of oxidative stress. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 743, 1-9.
Hose, J.E., McGurk, M.D., Marty, G.D., Hinton, D.E.B., & Baker, T.T. (1996). Sublethal effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on herring embryos and larvae: morphological, cytogenetic, and histopathological assessments, 1989-1991. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science, 53, 2355-2365.
Jiraungkoorskul, W., Upathum, E.S., Kruatrachue, M., Sahaphong, S., Vichasri-Grams, S., and Pokethitiyook, P. (2002). Histopathological effects of Roundup, a glyphosate herbicide, on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ScienceAsia. 28, 121-127.
Karlsson, L. (1993). Gill morphology in the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchana). Journal of fish biology, 23, 511-524.
Mallatt, J. (1985). Fish gill structure changes induced by toxicants and other irritants: a statistical review. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 630-648.
Matthiessen, P., Thain, J.E., Law, R.J., & Fileman, T.W. (1993). Attempts to assess the environmental hazard posed by complex mixtures of organic chemicals in UK estuaries. Marine pollution bulletin. 26, 90-95.
Mazon, A.F., Cerqueira, C.C.C., Monteiro, E.A.S., & Fernandes, M.N. (1999). Acute copper exposure in freshwater fish: Morphological and physiological effect. In A.L. Val, VMF. Almeida-Val. (Eds.), Biology of tropical fishes. (pp.263-275). Manaus: INPA.
McKim, J.M., & Erickson, R.J. (1991). Environmental impacts on the physiological mechanisms controlling xenobiotic transferacross fish gills. Physiological zoology, 64,39-67.
Nwani, C.D., Ibiam, U.A., Ibiam, O.U., Nworie, O., Onyishi, G., & Atama, C. (2013). Investigation on Acute toxicity and behavioral changes in Tilapia zillii due to glyphosate- based herbicide, forceup. The journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 23(3), 888-892.
Praneetvatakul, S., Schreinemachers, P., Pananurak, P., & Tipraqsa, P. 2013. Pesticides, extermal coasts and policy options for Thai agriculture. Environmental Science and Policy, 27, 103-113.
Peruzzo,P. J., Porta, A. A. and Ronco, A E. ( 2008). Levels of glyphosate in surface waters, sediments and soils associatedwith direct sowing soybean cultivation in north pampasic region of Argentina. Environmental Pollution, 156 (1). 61- 66
Ramírez-Duarte, W.F., Rondón-Barragán, I. S. & Eslava-Mocha, P.R.(2008). Acute toxicity and
histopathological alterations of Roundup® herbicide on cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus).
Pesquisa Veterinary Brasileir. 28 (11).547-554
Schwaiger, J., Wanke, R., Adam, S., Pawert, M., Honnen, W., & Triebskorn, R. (1997). The use of
histopathological indicators to evaluate contaminant-related stress in fish. Journal of Aquatic
Ecosystem stress and Recovery, 6, 75-86.
Shiogiri, N.S., Paulino, M.G., Carraschi, S.P., Baraldi, F.G., Cruz, C., & Fernandes, M.N. (2012). Acute exposure of a glyphosate-based herbicide affects the gills and liver of the Neotropical fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 34, 388-396.
Stebbing, A.R.D. (1985). A possible synthesis. In B.L., Bayne. (Eds.). The effects of stress and pollution on marine animals, New York: Praeger.
Tsui, M.T., & Chu, L.M. (2008). Environmental fate and non-target impact of glyphosate-based herbicides (Roundup) in a subtropical wetland. Chemosphere, 71, 439-446.
Tu, M., Hurd, C., & Randall, J.M. (2001). Weed control method handbook: Tools and Techniques for use in natural Areas. California: The nature Conservancy.
Turchini GM, Torstensen BE, Ng WK. (2009). Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Reviews of Aquaculture, 1, 10-57.
US Environmental protection Agency (USEPA).(1993). Registration Eligibility Decision (RED): Glyphosate. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1994). Glyphosate. Environmental Health Criteria 159. WHO,
Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1996). Data sheets on pesticides: glyphosate. International Programme on Chemical safety, Food and Agriculture Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Differential effects of glyphosate and roundup on human placental cells and aromatase.
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2016-07-27
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