In vitro Propagation of Coleus albicalyx (Suddee) Suddee, a Rare Plant of Thailand
Abstract
This research presented an in vitro propagation method of Coleus albicalyx(Suddee) Suddee, anendemic plant and also classified as a rarespecies of Thailand. Seeds surface was sterilized before culturing on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. After the 8-week-old seedlings at 4 cm in height were achieved, the nodal segments contained the first node from the base of seedlings were excised to 1.5 cm in height. Then, these explants were cultured on MS medium augmented with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/L of N6 - benzyladenine ( BA) . The results at the 6th week of culture revealed that MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA was the appropriate medium for multiplying new shoots C. albicalyx. All explants cultured on this medium could survive and produce new shoots. The best outcomesof new shootsnumber (4.70 + 0.15 shoots/explant) and height (3.12 + 0.40 cm) were also found from this treatment. Moreover, the regenerated shoots from this medium did not show hyperhydricity.These regeneratedshoots were excised into a single shoot and transferred to MS medium for further6 weeks. Shoots developed into complete plantlets by elongated their stem and generated profuse root growth. The outcome of this study can be used as a method for ex situconservation of C. albicalyx, which assists in the maintenance biodiversity of Thailand. Furthermore, it may be applied as a mass propagation tool of this medicinal plant to provide material for the phytochemical study. Keywords : endemic plant ; plant tissue culture ; N 6 -benzyladenine ;hyperhydricityKeywords : endemic plant ; plant tissue culture ; N 6 -benzyladenine ;hyperhydricityReferences
Arumugam, G., Sinniah, U.R., Swamy, M.K., & Lynch, P.T. (2002). Micropropagation and essential oil characterization of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Sprengel, an aromatic medicinal plant. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 56, 491–503.
Auer, A.A., Motyka, V., Brezinová, A., & Kamínek, M. (1999). Endogenous cytokinin accumulation and cytokinin oxidase activity during shoot organogenesis of Petunia hybrida. Physiologia Plantarum, 105, 141-147.
Asha, K.I., Dwivedi, N.K., Devi, A.I., & Nair, R.A. (2013). In vitro propagation of Chinese Potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) J.K. Morton) through axillary shoot bud culture. Journal of Root Crops, 39(2), 62-67.
Balasubramanya, S., Rajanna, L., & Anuradha, M. (2012). Effect of plant growth regulators on morphogenesis and forskolin production in Plectranthus barbatus Andrews. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 48, 208-215.
Behera, S., Kar, S.K., Rout, K.K., Barik, D.P., Panda, P.C., & Naik, S.K. (2019). Assessment of genetic and biochemical fidelity of field-established Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig regenerated from axenic cotyledonary node on meta-topolin supplemented medium. Industrial Crops & Products, 134, 206-215.
Carimi, F., Zottini, M., Formentin, E., Terzi, M., & Lo Schiavo, F. (2003). Cytokinins: new apoptotic inducers in plants. Planta, 216(3), 413-421.
Chamchumroon, V. (2017). Threatened Plants in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of the Forest Herbarium, Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Charoensub, R., Thiantong, D., & Phansiri, S. (2008). Micropropagation of bat flower plant, Tacca chantrieri Andre. Kasetsart Journal of Natural Science, 42, 7-12.
Chuengpanya, R., Pornchuti, W., Muangkroot, A., Jenjittikul, T., & Chuenboonngarm, N. (2020). In vitro propagation of Zehneria platysperma (W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner (Cucurbitaceae), an endemic plant of Thailand. Acta Horticulturae, 1285, 221–230.
Fuadi, M., Mohamed, M.T.M., Salleh, N.S., Anwar, M.P., Awang, Y., & Fauz, R.M. (2014). Effect of different concentrations of benzyladenine and frequency of watering on growth and quality of Dracaena sanderiana and Codiaeum variegatum. Journal of Environmental Biology, 5, 1047-1052.
Gaba, V.P. (2005). Plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture and development. In R.N. Trigiano, D.J. Gray. (Eds.), Plant Development and Biotechnology. (pp. 87–99). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
George, E.F., Hall, M.A., & Klerk, G.J.D. (2008). Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture – Volume 1: The Background (3rd Edition). Dordrecht: Springer.
Gordon, S.P., Chickarmane, V.S., Ohno, C., & Meyerowitz, E.M. (2009). Multiple feedback loops through cytokinin signaling control stem cell number within the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(38), 16529-16534.
Govindaraju, P., & Arulselvi, S. (2018). Effect of cytokinin combined elicitors (l-phenylalanine, salicylic acid and chitosan) on in vitro propagation, secondary metabolites and molecular characterization of medicinal herb – Coleus aromaticus Benth (L). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 17(4), 435-444.
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lo, K., Lea, D.W., & Medina-Elizade, M. (2006). Global temperature change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 14288-14293.
Hazarika, B.N., & Bora, A. (2010). Hyperhydricity – a bottleneck to micropropagation of plants. Acta Horticulturae, 865, 95-101.
Kapewangolo, P. & Meyer, D. (2018). Plectranthus barbatus; antioxidant, and other inhibitory responses against HIV/AIDS. In V.R. Preedy, R.R. Watson. (Eds.), HIV/AIDS - Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants. (pp.149-159). London: Academic Press.
Kebede, B., & Abera, B. (2015). Micropropagation of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew from shoot tip and nodal explants. African Journal of Agriculture Research, 10(1), 6-13.
Krishna, G., Reddy, S., Nair, N.A., Ramteke, P.W., & Bhattacharya, P.S. (2010). In vitro direct shoot regeneration from proximal, middle and distal segment of Coleus forskohlii leaf explants. Physiology & Molecular Biology of Plants, 16, 195-200.
Medford, J.I., Horgan, R., El-Sawi, Z., & Klee, H.J. (1989) Alterations of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentyl transferase gene. Plant Cell, 1, 403-413.
Medplant Mahidol. (2016). Plectranthus albicalyx S. Suddee LAMIACEAE. Retrieved January 28, 2021, from https://www.matichonweekly.com/column/article_5504. (in Thai)
Mišic, D.M., Ghalawenji, N.A., Grubišic, D.V., & Konjevic, R.M. (2006). Micropropagation and reintroduction of Nepeta rtanjensis, an endemic and critically endangered Perennial of Serbia. Phyton, 45, 9-20.
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473-497.
Nagpal, A., Singh, B., Sharma, S., Rani, G., & Virk, G.S. (2008). Coleus spp.: micropropagation and in vitro production of secondary metabolites. Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Science & Biotechnology, 2(1), 1-17.
Novák, J., Pavlu, J., Novák, O., Nozkova-Hlavackova, V., Spundova, M., Hlavinka, J., Koukalova, S., Skalak, J., Cerny, M., & Brzobohaty, B. (2013). High cytokinin levels induce a hypersensitive-like response in tobacco. Annals of Botany, 112, 41-55.
Paton, A.J., Mwanyambo, M., Govaerts, R.H.A., Smitha, K., Suddee, S., Phillipson, P.B., Wilson, T.C., Forster, P.I., & Culham, A. (2019). Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera. PhytoKeys, 129, 1-158.
Rahman, Z.A., Noor, E.S.M., Ali, M.S.M., Mirad, R., & Othman, A.N. (2015). In vitro micropropagation of a valuable medicinal plant, Plectranthus amboinicus. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 1091-1097.
Rajaram, K., Sriramji, P., & Sureshkumar, P. (2015). Micropropagation, antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble: an endangered medicinal plant. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 142-147.
Saengsawang, P., Chintakovid, W., Putthai, T., Traiperm, P., & Pichakum, A. (2015). Phenology of Plectranthus albicalyx Suddee grown in Kanchanaburi province. In Proceedings of the 9th Botanical Conference of Thailand. (pp. 32-39). Thailand: Bangkok.
Saha, S., Mori, H., & Hattori, K. (2007). Synergistic effect of kinenin and benzyl adenine plays avital role in high frequency regeneration from cotyledon explants of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) in relation to ethylene production. Breeding Science, 57, 197–202.
Saher, S., Piqueras, A., Hellin, E., & Olmos, E. (2004). Hyperhydricity in micropropagated carnation shoots: the role of oxidative stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 120(1), 152–161.
Sarasan, V., Cripps, R., Ramsay, M.M., Atherton, C., McMichen, M., Prendergast, G., & Rowntree, J.K. (2006). Conservation in vitro of threatened plants-progress in the past decade. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 42(3), 206-214.
Shivaprasad, H.N., Pandit, S., Bhanumathy, M., Manohar, D., Jain, V., Thandu, S.A., & Su, X. (2014). Ethnopharmacological and phytomedical knowledge of Coleus forskohlii: an approach towards its safety and therapeutic value. Oriental Pharmacy & Experimental Medicine, 14, 301-312.
Skalák, J., Vercruyssen. L., Claeys, H., Hradilová, J., Cerný, M., Novák, O., Placková, L., Saiz-Fernández., I., Skaláková, P., Coppens, F., Dhondt, S., Koukalová, Š., Zouhar, J., Inzé, D., & Brzobohatý, B. (2019). Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 97, 805-824.
Soundararajan, P., Manivannan, A., Cho, Y.S. & Jeong, B.R. (2017). Exogenous supplementation of silicon improved the recovery of hyperhydric shoots in Dianthus caryophyllus L. by stabilizing the physiology and protein expression. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 738. (DOI 10.3389/fpls.2017.00738)
Sreedevi, E., Anuradha, M., & Pullaiah, T. (2013). Plant regeneration from leaf-derived callus in Plectranthus barbatus Andr. [Syn.: Coleus forskohlii (Wild.) Briq.]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(18), 2441-2448.
Suddee, S., Paton, A.J., & Parnell, J.A.N. (2004). A taxonomic revision of tribe Ocimeae Dumort. (Lamiaceae) in continental South East Asia II. Plectranthinae. Kew Bullentin, 59, 379-414.
Thangavel, P., Britto, S.J., & Senthilkumar, S.R. (2011). Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of the valuable medicinal herb Plectranthus barbatus Andrews. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(43), 8562-8569.
Thangavel, P., Prabhu, S., & Britto, S.J. (2014). High frequency shoots regeneration from nodal explants of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews belong to the Lamiaceae. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 19(2), 126-135.
Thaniarasu, R., Kumar, T.S., & Rao, M.V. (2015). In vitro propagation of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble - an endemic red listed plant. Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology, 25(2), 273‐284.
Thaniarasu, R., Kumar, T.S., & Rao, M.V. (2016). Mass propagation of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble through indirect organogenesis from leaf and internode explants. Physiology & Molecular Biology of Plants, 22, 143-151.
Thaniarasu, R., Kumar, T.S., & Rao, M.V. (2018). Rapid in vitro propagation by liquid culture system and genetic homogeneity assessment of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble, an endemic plant species to South India. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23, 376–384.
Tsegaw, M., & Feyissa, T. (2014). Micropropagation of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew from meristem culture. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(36), 3682-3688.
UNCED. (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.
Wang, L., Du, Y., Rahman, M.M., Tang, B, Fan, L.J., & Kilaru, A. (2018). Establishment of an efficient in vitro propagation system for Iris sanguinea. Scientific Reports, 8, 17100. (DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-35281-y)
Werner, T., Motyka, V., Strnad, M., & Schmülling, T. (2001). Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(18), 10487–10492.
Auer, A.A., Motyka, V., Brezinová, A., & Kamínek, M. (1999). Endogenous cytokinin accumulation and cytokinin oxidase activity during shoot organogenesis of Petunia hybrida. Physiologia Plantarum, 105, 141-147.
Asha, K.I., Dwivedi, N.K., Devi, A.I., & Nair, R.A. (2013). In vitro propagation of Chinese Potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) J.K. Morton) through axillary shoot bud culture. Journal of Root Crops, 39(2), 62-67.
Balasubramanya, S., Rajanna, L., & Anuradha, M. (2012). Effect of plant growth regulators on morphogenesis and forskolin production in Plectranthus barbatus Andrews. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 48, 208-215.
Behera, S., Kar, S.K., Rout, K.K., Barik, D.P., Panda, P.C., & Naik, S.K. (2019). Assessment of genetic and biochemical fidelity of field-established Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig regenerated from axenic cotyledonary node on meta-topolin supplemented medium. Industrial Crops & Products, 134, 206-215.
Carimi, F., Zottini, M., Formentin, E., Terzi, M., & Lo Schiavo, F. (2003). Cytokinins: new apoptotic inducers in plants. Planta, 216(3), 413-421.
Chamchumroon, V. (2017). Threatened Plants in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of the Forest Herbarium, Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Charoensub, R., Thiantong, D., & Phansiri, S. (2008). Micropropagation of bat flower plant, Tacca chantrieri Andre. Kasetsart Journal of Natural Science, 42, 7-12.
Chuengpanya, R., Pornchuti, W., Muangkroot, A., Jenjittikul, T., & Chuenboonngarm, N. (2020). In vitro propagation of Zehneria platysperma (W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner (Cucurbitaceae), an endemic plant of Thailand. Acta Horticulturae, 1285, 221–230.
Fuadi, M., Mohamed, M.T.M., Salleh, N.S., Anwar, M.P., Awang, Y., & Fauz, R.M. (2014). Effect of different concentrations of benzyladenine and frequency of watering on growth and quality of Dracaena sanderiana and Codiaeum variegatum. Journal of Environmental Biology, 5, 1047-1052.
Gaba, V.P. (2005). Plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture and development. In R.N. Trigiano, D.J. Gray. (Eds.), Plant Development and Biotechnology. (pp. 87–99). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
George, E.F., Hall, M.A., & Klerk, G.J.D. (2008). Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture – Volume 1: The Background (3rd Edition). Dordrecht: Springer.
Gordon, S.P., Chickarmane, V.S., Ohno, C., & Meyerowitz, E.M. (2009). Multiple feedback loops through cytokinin signaling control stem cell number within the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(38), 16529-16534.
Govindaraju, P., & Arulselvi, S. (2018). Effect of cytokinin combined elicitors (l-phenylalanine, salicylic acid and chitosan) on in vitro propagation, secondary metabolites and molecular characterization of medicinal herb – Coleus aromaticus Benth (L). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 17(4), 435-444.
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lo, K., Lea, D.W., & Medina-Elizade, M. (2006). Global temperature change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 14288-14293.
Hazarika, B.N., & Bora, A. (2010). Hyperhydricity – a bottleneck to micropropagation of plants. Acta Horticulturae, 865, 95-101.
Kapewangolo, P. & Meyer, D. (2018). Plectranthus barbatus; antioxidant, and other inhibitory responses against HIV/AIDS. In V.R. Preedy, R.R. Watson. (Eds.), HIV/AIDS - Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants. (pp.149-159). London: Academic Press.
Kebede, B., & Abera, B. (2015). Micropropagation of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew from shoot tip and nodal explants. African Journal of Agriculture Research, 10(1), 6-13.
Krishna, G., Reddy, S., Nair, N.A., Ramteke, P.W., & Bhattacharya, P.S. (2010). In vitro direct shoot regeneration from proximal, middle and distal segment of Coleus forskohlii leaf explants. Physiology & Molecular Biology of Plants, 16, 195-200.
Medford, J.I., Horgan, R., El-Sawi, Z., & Klee, H.J. (1989) Alterations of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentyl transferase gene. Plant Cell, 1, 403-413.
Medplant Mahidol. (2016). Plectranthus albicalyx S. Suddee LAMIACEAE. Retrieved January 28, 2021, from https://www.matichonweekly.com/column/article_5504. (in Thai)
Mišic, D.M., Ghalawenji, N.A., Grubišic, D.V., & Konjevic, R.M. (2006). Micropropagation and reintroduction of Nepeta rtanjensis, an endemic and critically endangered Perennial of Serbia. Phyton, 45, 9-20.
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473-497.
Nagpal, A., Singh, B., Sharma, S., Rani, G., & Virk, G.S. (2008). Coleus spp.: micropropagation and in vitro production of secondary metabolites. Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Science & Biotechnology, 2(1), 1-17.
Novák, J., Pavlu, J., Novák, O., Nozkova-Hlavackova, V., Spundova, M., Hlavinka, J., Koukalova, S., Skalak, J., Cerny, M., & Brzobohaty, B. (2013). High cytokinin levels induce a hypersensitive-like response in tobacco. Annals of Botany, 112, 41-55.
Paton, A.J., Mwanyambo, M., Govaerts, R.H.A., Smitha, K., Suddee, S., Phillipson, P.B., Wilson, T.C., Forster, P.I., & Culham, A. (2019). Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera. PhytoKeys, 129, 1-158.
Rahman, Z.A., Noor, E.S.M., Ali, M.S.M., Mirad, R., & Othman, A.N. (2015). In vitro micropropagation of a valuable medicinal plant, Plectranthus amboinicus. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 1091-1097.
Rajaram, K., Sriramji, P., & Sureshkumar, P. (2015). Micropropagation, antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble: an endangered medicinal plant. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 142-147.
Saengsawang, P., Chintakovid, W., Putthai, T., Traiperm, P., & Pichakum, A. (2015). Phenology of Plectranthus albicalyx Suddee grown in Kanchanaburi province. In Proceedings of the 9th Botanical Conference of Thailand. (pp. 32-39). Thailand: Bangkok.
Saha, S., Mori, H., & Hattori, K. (2007). Synergistic effect of kinenin and benzyl adenine plays avital role in high frequency regeneration from cotyledon explants of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) in relation to ethylene production. Breeding Science, 57, 197–202.
Saher, S., Piqueras, A., Hellin, E., & Olmos, E. (2004). Hyperhydricity in micropropagated carnation shoots: the role of oxidative stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 120(1), 152–161.
Sarasan, V., Cripps, R., Ramsay, M.M., Atherton, C., McMichen, M., Prendergast, G., & Rowntree, J.K. (2006). Conservation in vitro of threatened plants-progress in the past decade. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 42(3), 206-214.
Shivaprasad, H.N., Pandit, S., Bhanumathy, M., Manohar, D., Jain, V., Thandu, S.A., & Su, X. (2014). Ethnopharmacological and phytomedical knowledge of Coleus forskohlii: an approach towards its safety and therapeutic value. Oriental Pharmacy & Experimental Medicine, 14, 301-312.
Skalák, J., Vercruyssen. L., Claeys, H., Hradilová, J., Cerný, M., Novák, O., Placková, L., Saiz-Fernández., I., Skaláková, P., Coppens, F., Dhondt, S., Koukalová, Š., Zouhar, J., Inzé, D., & Brzobohatý, B. (2019). Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 97, 805-824.
Soundararajan, P., Manivannan, A., Cho, Y.S. & Jeong, B.R. (2017). Exogenous supplementation of silicon improved the recovery of hyperhydric shoots in Dianthus caryophyllus L. by stabilizing the physiology and protein expression. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 738. (DOI 10.3389/fpls.2017.00738)
Sreedevi, E., Anuradha, M., & Pullaiah, T. (2013). Plant regeneration from leaf-derived callus in Plectranthus barbatus Andr. [Syn.: Coleus forskohlii (Wild.) Briq.]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(18), 2441-2448.
Suddee, S., Paton, A.J., & Parnell, J.A.N. (2004). A taxonomic revision of tribe Ocimeae Dumort. (Lamiaceae) in continental South East Asia II. Plectranthinae. Kew Bullentin, 59, 379-414.
Thangavel, P., Britto, S.J., & Senthilkumar, S.R. (2011). Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of the valuable medicinal herb Plectranthus barbatus Andrews. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(43), 8562-8569.
Thangavel, P., Prabhu, S., & Britto, S.J. (2014). High frequency shoots regeneration from nodal explants of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews belong to the Lamiaceae. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 19(2), 126-135.
Thaniarasu, R., Kumar, T.S., & Rao, M.V. (2015). In vitro propagation of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble - an endemic red listed plant. Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology, 25(2), 273‐284.
Thaniarasu, R., Kumar, T.S., & Rao, M.V. (2016). Mass propagation of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble through indirect organogenesis from leaf and internode explants. Physiology & Molecular Biology of Plants, 22, 143-151.
Thaniarasu, R., Kumar, T.S., & Rao, M.V. (2018). Rapid in vitro propagation by liquid culture system and genetic homogeneity assessment of Plectranthus bourneae Gamble, an endemic plant species to South India. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23, 376–384.
Tsegaw, M., & Feyissa, T. (2014). Micropropagation of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew from meristem culture. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(36), 3682-3688.
UNCED. (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.
Wang, L., Du, Y., Rahman, M.M., Tang, B, Fan, L.J., & Kilaru, A. (2018). Establishment of an efficient in vitro propagation system for Iris sanguinea. Scientific Reports, 8, 17100. (DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-35281-y)
Werner, T., Motyka, V., Strnad, M., & Schmülling, T. (2001). Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(18), 10487–10492.
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2021-09-07
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