Development of Chromosome Staining Dye Extracted from Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa var. indica)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to extract the chromosome staining dye from Black Glutinous Rice which can be replaced the expensive and hazardous chemical synthetic dye. Comparative study of chromosome staining efficiency between two natural dyes extracted from Black Glutinous Rice and aceto-carmine solution was examined in an onion root tip through microscopic observation. Two Black Glutinous Rice Khao samples, Rai Leum Pua Petchaboon and Mae Jan Pun Dee, were selected for the extraction of two natural red dyes as the anthocyanin-containing materials. Dye extracts from Rai Leum Pua Petchaboon and Mae Jan Pun Dee of Black Glutinous Rice Khao using different composition of methanol and ethanol as solvents were established. Two natural dye solutions were prepared in difference of solvent concentrations (50%, 70% and 100% methanol or ethanol) at the ratio 1:1 of plant per solvent and stained in different time periods (<1, 3, 5 and 7 minutes) for 24 hours at room temperature. The results showed that the Mae Jan Pun Dee dye extracted with 50% ethanol and 50% methanol distinctly stained the chromosomes of an onion root tip as effective as aceto-carmine solution. In conclusions, the Mae Jan Pun Dee dye extracted from 50% ethanol solution at the ration of 1:1 and stained for <1, 3, 5 and 7 minutes was the most effective dye as non-toxic substances with natural counterpart, obviously suitable for examination of the chromosomal characteristics in mitosis division and producing comparable results to synthetic dye staining. Keywords : black glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) ;  chromosome staining dye ;  anthocyanin