Determination of Parabens in Cosmetic Samples by Sub-Minute High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Abstract
This research was developed to a sub-minute separation method and simultaneous determination of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben in cosmetic samples by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector for simultaneous determination of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben in cosmetic samples. Parabens were separated on a Chromolith column using gradient elution with acetonitrile and water, the flow rate of 1.3 mL min-1 and detected at 254 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the separation was completed in less than 1 min. Calibration curves for standard solution of parabens were linear over the concentration range of 0.50-10.0 mg L-1 with R2 greater than 0.999. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of parabens were found between 0.12-0.15 mg L-1, and 0.40-0.45 mg L-1, respectively. The accuracy in terms of percent recovery of parabens was in the range of 97.2-102.6. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method were in the range of 1.11-1.50% and 2.30-2.70%, respectively. The development method could be applied to the simultaneous determination of parabens in cosmetic samples. Keywords: high-performance liquid chromatography, sub-minute, paraben, cosmeticReferences
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Cheng, Y., Wang, C., Chen, Y., & Wu, S. (2012). Large volume sample stacking with EOF and sweeping in CE
for determination of common preservatives in cosmetic products by chemometric experimental design. Electrophoresis, 33, 1443–1448.
Cruces-Blanco, C., Segura-Carretero, A., Gálvez-Mata, L., & Fernández-Gutierrez, A. (2001). Simultaneous
determination, by capillary zone electrophoresis, of multiple components of different industrial products. Chromatographia, 53, 414– 418.
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parabens in human breast tumors. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 24, 5-13.
Dobbins, L.L., Usenko, S., Brain, R.A., & Brooks, B.W. (2009). Probabilistic ecological hazard assessment of
parabens using daphnia manga and pimephales promelas. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28, 2744-2753.
ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Q28 Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2(R1),
November 2005.
Gao, W., Gray, N., Heaton, J., Smith, N.W., Jia, Y., Legido-Quigley, C. (2012). UV gradient combined with
principal component analysis: Highly sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography analysis of cosmetic creams. Journal Chromatography A, 1228, 324–328.
Gao, W., & Legido-Quigley, C. (2011). Fast and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography analysis of
cosmetic creams for hydroquinone, phenol and six preservatives. Journal of Chromatography A, 1218, 4307–4311.
Gagliardi, L., de Orsi, D., Manna, L., & Toneli, D. (1997). Simultaneous determination of antioxidants and
preservatives in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations by reversed phase HPLC. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 20, 1797-1808.
Huang, H., Huang, I., & Lin, H.Y. (2006). Separation of parabens in capillary electrochromatography using
poly(styrenedivinylbenzene-methacrylic acid) monolithic column. Journal of Separation Science, 29, 2038–2048.
Notification of the Ministry of Health: Preservatives in Cosmetics Retrieved May 11, 2017, from
https://www.thaicosmetic.org/documents/moph-announcement-preservative.pdf (in Thai)
Sánchez-Prado, L., Llompart, M., Lamas, J.P., García-Jares, & C., Lores, M. (2011). Multicomponent
analytical methodology to control phthalates, synthetic musks, fragrance allergens and preservatives
in perfumes. Talanta, 85, 370–379.
Rodford, R. (1997). Safety evaluation of preservatives. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 19,
281-290.
Wang, P.G., & Zhou, W. (2013). Rapid determination of parabens in personal care products by stable isotope
gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with dynamic selected reaction monitoring. Journal of Separation Science, 36, 1781–1787.
Youngvises , N., Chaida, T., Khonyoung , S., Kuppithayanant, N., Tiyapongpattana, W., Itharat, A., &
Jakmunee, J. (2013). Greener liquid chromatography using a guard column with micellar mobile
phase for separation of some pharmaceuticals and determination of parabens. Talanta, 15, 350–359.
Zgota-Grzeskowiak, A., Werner, J., Jeszka-Skowrona, M., & Czarczynska-Goslinska, B. (2016). Determination
of parabens in cosmetic products using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Analytical Methods, 8, 3903-3909.
Zhang, Q., Lian, M., Liu, L., & Cui, H. (2005). High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of parabens in
wash-off cosmetic products and foods using chemiluminescence detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 537, 31–39.
phenoxyethanol, 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
(parabens) in cosmetic products, with emphasis on decision limit and detection capability.
Chromatographia, 59, 47–53.
Cheng, Y., Wang, C., Chen, Y., & Wu, S. (2012). Large volume sample stacking with EOF and sweeping in CE
for determination of common preservatives in cosmetic products by chemometric experimental design. Electrophoresis, 33, 1443–1448.
Cruces-Blanco, C., Segura-Carretero, A., Gálvez-Mata, L., & Fernández-Gutierrez, A. (2001). Simultaneous
determination, by capillary zone electrophoresis, of multiple components of different industrial products. Chromatographia, 53, 414– 418.
Darbre, P.D., Aljarrah. A., Miller, W.R., Coldham, N.G., Sauer, M.J., & Pope, G.S. (2004). Concentrations of
parabens in human breast tumors. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 24, 5-13.
Dobbins, L.L., Usenko, S., Brain, R.A., & Brooks, B.W. (2009). Probabilistic ecological hazard assessment of
parabens using daphnia manga and pimephales promelas. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28, 2744-2753.
ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Q28 Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2(R1),
November 2005.
Gao, W., Gray, N., Heaton, J., Smith, N.W., Jia, Y., Legido-Quigley, C. (2012). UV gradient combined with
principal component analysis: Highly sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography analysis of cosmetic creams. Journal Chromatography A, 1228, 324–328.
Gao, W., & Legido-Quigley, C. (2011). Fast and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography analysis of
cosmetic creams for hydroquinone, phenol and six preservatives. Journal of Chromatography A, 1218, 4307–4311.
Gagliardi, L., de Orsi, D., Manna, L., & Toneli, D. (1997). Simultaneous determination of antioxidants and
preservatives in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations by reversed phase HPLC. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 20, 1797-1808.
Huang, H., Huang, I., & Lin, H.Y. (2006). Separation of parabens in capillary electrochromatography using
poly(styrenedivinylbenzene-methacrylic acid) monolithic column. Journal of Separation Science, 29, 2038–2048.
Notification of the Ministry of Health: Preservatives in Cosmetics Retrieved May 11, 2017, from
https://www.thaicosmetic.org/documents/moph-announcement-preservative.pdf (in Thai)
Sánchez-Prado, L., Llompart, M., Lamas, J.P., García-Jares, & C., Lores, M. (2011). Multicomponent
analytical methodology to control phthalates, synthetic musks, fragrance allergens and preservatives
in perfumes. Talanta, 85, 370–379.
Rodford, R. (1997). Safety evaluation of preservatives. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 19,
281-290.
Wang, P.G., & Zhou, W. (2013). Rapid determination of parabens in personal care products by stable isotope
gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with dynamic selected reaction monitoring. Journal of Separation Science, 36, 1781–1787.
Youngvises , N., Chaida, T., Khonyoung , S., Kuppithayanant, N., Tiyapongpattana, W., Itharat, A., &
Jakmunee, J. (2013). Greener liquid chromatography using a guard column with micellar mobile
phase for separation of some pharmaceuticals and determination of parabens. Talanta, 15, 350–359.
Zgota-Grzeskowiak, A., Werner, J., Jeszka-Skowrona, M., & Czarczynska-Goslinska, B. (2016). Determination
of parabens in cosmetic products using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Analytical Methods, 8, 3903-3909.
Zhang, Q., Lian, M., Liu, L., & Cui, H. (2005). High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of parabens in
wash-off cosmetic products and foods using chemiluminescence detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 537, 31–39.
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Published
2019-09-17
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