Land Use Changes of Head Watershed Area on Streamflow, Suspended Sediment and Water Quality in Khlong Lan Watershed, Kamphaeng Phet Province
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the land use changes of head watershed area on streamflow (Q), suspended sediment (SS) and water quality (Biochemical Oxygen Demand; BOD) in Khlong Lan Watershed (KLW). The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model and GIS (Geographic Information System) were applied to estimate amount of the streamflow, suspended sediment and BOD from the land use changes of head watershed area during November 2017 to October 2018. The reliability of the model was calibrated with the observed data by adjusting the coefficient of the key parameters by using SWAT CUP program. The goodness of the calibration results were assessed based on the coefficient of determination (R2), nash-sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and mean squared error (MSE). The results showed that the KLW area was 90.07 km2, 11 hydrological response units. The Scenario 1: The land use at the existing condition, indicated that the total amount of streamflow was 28.73 MCM, total suspended sediment was 2.386 tons and average BOD was 0.55 mg/L. The simulation of the Scenario 2: The land use based on the Khlong Lan National Park boundary, implied that the total amount of the streamflow an increasing to 10.15 MCM, suspended sediment was decreased to 0.655 tons and average BOD was decreased 0.076 mg/L when compared to the Scenario 1 because of increasing in forest area and decreased field crops, orchard, other area and urban area. Keywords : land use changes, head watershed area, streamflow, suspended sediment, Khlong Lan WatershedReferences
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Abbaspour, K. C., Rouholahnejad, E., Vaghefi, S., Srinivasan, R., & Klove, B. (2014). Modeling Hydrology and Water Quality of the European Continent at a Sub Basin Scale: Calibration of a High resolution Large-Scale SWAT Model. Journal of Hydrology, 524, 733-752.
Abbaspour, K. C., Yang, J., Maximov, I., Siber, R., Bogner, K., Mieleitner, J., Zobrist, J., & Srinivasan, R. (2007). Modeling Hydrological and Water Quality in the Pre-Alpine/Alpine Thur Watershed using SWAT. Journal of Hydrology, 333, 413-430.
Arnold, J.G., Moriasi, D.N., Gassman, P.W., Abbaspour, K.C., White, M.J., Srinivasan, R., Santhi, C., Harmel, R.D., Van Griensven, A., Van Liew, M.W., Kannan, N., & Jha, M.K. (2012). Swat: model use, calibration, and validation. Transactions of the Asabe, 55 (4), 1491-1508.
Banchongsak, F., Bualert, S., Dampin, N., & Nipon, T. (2017). Dynamic Modeling of Water Storage Capacity for the Dilution of Waste Water of Land Utilization in the Upper Tha Chin Watershed, Thailand. EnvironmentAsia, 10, 33-42.
Cao, W., Bowden, W.B., Davie, T., & Fenemor, A. (2009). Modeling Impact of Land Cover Change on Critical on Critical Water Resources in the Motueka River Catchments, New Zealand. Water Resources Management, 23, 137-151.
Donigain, A.S.Jr. (2002). Watershed Model Calibration and Validation-The HSPF Experience. AQUA TERRA Consultants, 2685 Marine Way, Suite 1314. Mountain View. CA 94043.
Guan, D., Li, H., Inohae, T., Su, W., Nagaie, T., & Hokao, K. (2011). Modeling urban land use change by the integration of cellular automaton and Markov model. Ecological Modelling, 222, 3761-3772.
Land Development Department. (2002). Evaluation of the Universal Soil Loss in Thailand. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Nash, J.E. & Sutcliffe, J.V. (1970). River Flow Forecasting Through Conceptual Models, Part 1: A Discussion of Principles. Journal of Hydrology, 10 (3), 282-290.
Neitsch, S.L., Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R., & Williams, J.R. (2011). Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Theoretical Documentation (Version 2009). Retrieved May 1, 2016, from http://swat.tamu.edu/media/99192/swat2009-theory.pdf
Nipon, T. (2006). Watershed Management and Environment System Modelling. Forestry Research Center, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Nopparmard, N. (2004). Effects of Land Use Patterns on Surface Water Quality of Middle-Lower Tha-Chin River. Master of Science (Environmental Science), Kasetsart University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Oeurng, C., Sauvage, S., & Sanchez-Perez, J.M. (2011). Assessment of hydrology, sediment and particulate organic carbon yield in a large agricultural catchment using the SWAT model. Journal of Hydrology, 401 (3-4), 145-153.
Piyawat, W. (2012). Study of the runoff and sediment in a basin scale using the SWAT model. Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang rai. (in Thai)
Thai Meteorological Department. (2018). Kamphaeng Phet Meteorological Station. Northern Meteorological Center, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Kamphaeng Phet. (in Thai)
Xiaobo, J., Huang, C.H., & Ruan, F. (2008). Impacts of Land Cover Changes on Runoff and Sediment in the Cedar Creek Watershed, St. Joseph River, Indiana, United States. Journal of Mountain Science, 5, 113-121.
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Published
2019-05-14
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Research Article
