Assessment contamination of Copper, Lead and Zinc in Sediment at Bang Yai Canal, Phuket Province
Abstract
The objective of this research is to evaluate the contamination level of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the sediments collected from Bang Yai Canal, Phuket province. Surface sediment samples were collected with Petersen Grab from 14 sampling points, prepared by geochemical methods, and then measured by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The results showed that Cu and Zn were exceeded the sediment quality standards (SQGs), especially from the sampling points in the middle and the end of Bang Yai Canal. The degree of pollution level in sediments assessed by Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated either not contaminated Cu or moderately contaminated with Pb and Zn at some point in the middle to the end of the Bang Yai canal. This is consistent with the development of the tin mining industry of Phuket in the past and from human activities along Bang Yai Canal. However, the contamination level is still acceptable. Keywords: contamination, sediment, heavy metal, Bang Yai cannelReferences
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chin River and its Inflow canals from Nakhon Chai Si to Estuary. Naresuan University Journal: Science
and Technology (NUJST), 21(2), 1-13. (in Thai)
Xia, F., Qu, L., Wang, T., Luo, L., Chen, H., Dahlgren, R.A., Zhang, M., Mei, K. & Huang, H. (2018). Distribution
and source analysis of heavy metal pollutants in sediments of a rapid developing urban river system. Chemosphere, 207 , 218–228.
Zhuang, Q., Li, G. & Liu, Z. (2018). Distribution, source and pollution level of heavy metals in river sediments from
South China. Catena. 170, 386-396.
oceanic suspended matter. Earth. Planet. Sc. Lett. ,42, 399-411.
Burangae, S. (2014). Physico-Chemical Water Quality of Old Mining Pit for Water Consumption (Master Thesis).
Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/9936. (in Thai)
Dahri, Atoui, Ellouze, & Abida. (2018). “Assessment of streambed sediment contamination by heavy metals :
The case of the Gabes Catchment, South-eastern Tunisia.”, African Earth Sciences, 140 , 29-41.
Garson, M.S., Young, B., Mitchell, A.H.G., Tait, B.A.R., Bateson, J.H., Cogger, N., Johnson, R.L., Prewett, W.G. &
Stephens, E.A. (1975). The Geology of the Tin Belt in Peninsular Thailand around Phuket, Phangnga
and Takua Pa, first ed. HMSO, London.
Ho, H.H., Swennen, R. & Van Damme, A.. (2010). “Distribution and contamination status of heavy metals in
estuarine sediments near Cau Ong harbor, Ha Long Bay, Vietnam.” Geol. Belgica, 13(1-2), 37-47.
Kayembe, J.M., Periyasamy, S., Diz Salgado, C., Maliani, J., Ngelinkoto, P., Otamonga, J.-P., Mulaji, C.K., Mubedi,
J.I., & et Pote-Wembonyama, J. (2018). Assessment of water quality and time accumulation of heavy
metals in the sediments of tropical urban rivers: Case of Bumbu River and Kokolo Canal, Kinshasa City,
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Journal of African Earth Sciences, 147, 536-543.
Khongsang, A., Suteerasak, T. & Chongsrirattanakun, W. (2018). Contamination of Heavy Metals in Sediment,
Polychaetes and Cockles in the Bang Yai River Estuary, Phuket Province. KMUTT Research and
Development Journal, 41 (4), 439-454. (in Thai)
Liang, A., Wang, Y., Guo, H., Bo, L., Zhang, S. & Bai, Y. (2015). Assessment of pollution and identification of
sources of heavy metals in the sediments of Changshou Lake in a branch of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 16067–16076.
Müller, G. (1981). The heavy metal pollution of the sediments of Neckars and its tributary: A Stocktaking. Chem.
Ztg. 105, 157-164.
National Research Council Canada. (2014). MESS-4: Marines Sediment Reference Material for Trace Metals and
other Constituents. Retrieved 9 November 2018, form https://www.nrc-nrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/
advisory/crm/certificates/mess_4.html.
Potts, P.J. (1992). A handbook of silicate rock analysis. Glasow, Blackie & Son Ltd. London.
Pollution Control Department. (2012). The study report: Determination of sediment quality standards in surface
water source. Bureau of Waste Management and Hazardous Substances, Pollution Control Department,
Bangkok. (in Thai)
Regional Environmental Office 15. (2017). Surface water quality and land area (Phuket). Retrieved December, 10
2018, from http://www.reo15.go.th/news_download/?cid=2 (in Thai)
Suteerasak, T. & Bhongsuwan, T. (2006). Concentration of heavy metal As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Sn, Zn, Cr, Fe and radon
gas in bottom sediment from abandoned tin mines in the Phuket Province. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. ,28(3), 641-654. (in Thai)
Suteerasak, T. & Bhongsuwan, T. (2008). Contamination of Heavy Metals Al, As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn and Fe
in Sediment from Bang-Yai River in Phuket Province. KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 31 (4),
767-779. (in Thai)
Suteerasak, T. (2017). Applied Physics with Sediment Analysis. Phuket Center print, Phuket. (in Thai)
Suteerasak, T. & Akkajit, P. (2018). Using the Grain Size and Concentration of Pb and Zn in Sediments to Identify
the Layer of Sediment from Tsunami in 2547 B.E. (2004 C.E.) in the Bang Yai Estuary, Phuket Bay.
Thammasart Science and Technology Journal, 26(3), 459-475. (in Thai)
Sutherland, R.A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental
Geology, 39, 611-627.
Singh, M., Müller, G. & Singh, I.B. (2002). Heavy metals in freshly deposited stream sediments of rivers
associated with urbanisation of the Ganga Plain, India. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 141, pp. 35–54.
Wang, A.J., Bong, C.W., Xu, Y.H., Hassan, M.H.A., Ye, X., Bakar, A.F.A., Li, Y.H., Lai, Z.K., Xu, J. & Loh, K.H.
(2017). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surficial sediments from a tropical river-estuary-shelf
system: A case study of Kelantan River, Malaysia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 125 , 492–500.
Watcharasing, J., Tarnchalanukit, W., Junkeaw, K. & Dumpin, N. (2013). The Quantity of Heavy metals in the Tha-
chin River and its Inflow canals from Nakhon Chai Si to Estuary. Naresuan University Journal: Science
and Technology (NUJST), 21(2), 1-13. (in Thai)
Xia, F., Qu, L., Wang, T., Luo, L., Chen, H., Dahlgren, R.A., Zhang, M., Mei, K. & Huang, H. (2018). Distribution
and source analysis of heavy metal pollutants in sediments of a rapid developing urban river system. Chemosphere, 207 , 218–228.
Zhuang, Q., Li, G. & Liu, Z. (2018). Distribution, source and pollution level of heavy metals in river sediments from
South China. Catena. 170, 386-396.
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2019-03-14
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