Fish Embryo Cryopreservation Technology : its Obstacles and Research Development in Thailand
Abstract
At present, a few biotechnology research involved fish embryo cryopreservation in Thailand was reported while international journals had many publications related with fish embryo cryopreservation being reported. However, there are waiting for the success. There are a number of obstacles for cryopreservation of fish embryo including size of embryo and egg yolk quantity (the main problem in embryo cryopreservation), membrane structure, permeability of compartment barriers and type of the egg, chilling injuries phenomena during cooling and thawing process. The important concepts to support the success were demonstrated including type of cryoprotectants and their concentration, egg yolk volume, space and membrane permeability, embryonic development stage, cooling, thawing rate and equilibration time. These factors should be studied for further development of fish embryo cryopreservation. Keywords: cryopreservation, fish embryo, obstacles, research development, ThailandKeywords: cryopreservation, fish embryo, obstacles, research development, ThailandReferences
Bart, A.N. (2000). New approaches in cryopreservation of fish embryo. World Aquaculture Society, 22, 179 - 187.
Beirão, J., Robles, V., Herraez, M.P., Sarasquete, M.C., Dinis, M.T. & Cabrita, E. (2006). Cryoprotectant microinjection toxicity and chilling sensitivity in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) embryo. Aquaculture, 261, 897 – 903.
Boonkuson, D. (2008). Oocyte Cryopreservation for Medical Application. Journal of Health Science Research, 2
(1), 1 - 8. (in Thai)
Cabrita, E., Chereguini, O., Luna, M., Paz, P.D. & Herraez, M.P. (2003). Effect of different treatments on the chorion permeability to DMSO of turbot embryos (Scophthalmus maximus). Aquaculture, 221, 593 - 604.
Cabrita, E., Robles, V., Wallace, J.C., Sarasquete, M.C. & Herraez, M.P. (2006). Preliminary studies on the cryopreservation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) embryos. Aquaculture, 251, 245 - 255.
Calvi, S.L. & Maisse, G. (1998). Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) blastomeres: influence of embryo stage on postthaw survival rate. Cryobiology, 36, 255 – 262.
Chao, N.H. & Liao, I.C. (2001). Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos. Aquaculture, 197, 161 – 189.
Chen, S.L. & Tian, Y.S. (2005). Cryopreservation of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos by vitrification. Theriogenology, 63, 1207 – 1219.
Chesoh, S., Dumjutii, A., Jul-adung, S., Gomenprairin, K., Thipbunpot, M. & Sitikasemkit, N. (2004). Climbing Perch Culture, Biology and Technique for Commercial Aquaculture. Aquatic Animal Research Center Office Chum Pon and Thai Luxe Enterprise Company Limited. 32 p. (in Thai)
Chodcharat, S., Nimrat, S. & Vuthiphandchai, V. (2005). Cryopreservation of Common Black Ear Catfish (Pangasius larnaudii). Proceeding of 43rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference. Kasetsart University Bang Khen, Bangkok. 82 - 89. (in Thai)
Chompoothawat, S. (2007). Sperm Cryopreservation of Red Snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus). Thesis, Master of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri. 78 p. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (2005). Common Silver Barb Culture. Instruct manual. Inland Fisheries Development and Researh Office. 20 p. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (2010). Nile Tilapia Culture. Instruct manual. Inland Fisheries Development and Research Office. 36 p. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (2016). Fisheries Statistic of Thailand 2016. Fisheries Development Policy and Strategy Division. 92 p. (in Thai)
Edashige, K., Valdez, D.M. Jr., Hara, T., Saida, N., Seki, S. & Kasai, M. (2006). Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos are difficult to cryopreserve by vitrification. Cryobiology, 53, 96 - 106.
Fletcher, G.L., Hew, C.L. & Davies, P.L. (2001). Antifreeze proteins of teleost fishes. Annual Review of Physiology, 63, 359 - 390.
Flowerchild207 (2013). Diagram of fish egg. Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository.
Hambananda, A. & Mongkonpunya, K. (1996).Cryopreservation of Milt of striped Catfish (Pangasius suchi). Proceeding of 34th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. Kasetsart University Bang Khen, Bangkok, 320 - 328. (in Thai)
Hegadorn, M., Kleinhans, F.W., Wildt, D.E. & Rall, W.F. (1997). Chilling sensitivity and cryoprotectant permeability of dechorionated zebrafish embryos, Brachydanio rerio. Cryobiology, 34, 251 – 263.
Hegadorn, M. & Kleinhans, F.W. (2000). Problems and prospects in cryopreservation of fish embryos. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, pp. 161 - 178.
Higaki, S., Mochizuki, K., Baba, H., Akashi, Y., Yamana, E., Katagiri, S. & Takahashi, Y. (2009). Feasibility of cryopreservation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) primordial germ cells by whole embryo freezing. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 57(2), 119 – 128.
Higaki, S., Kawakami, Y. ,Eto, Y., Yamaha, E., Nagano, M., Katagiri, S., Takada, T. & Takahashi, Y. (2013). Cryopreservation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) primordial germ cells by vitrification of yolk-intact and yolk-depleted embryos using various cryoprotectant solutions. Cryobiology, 67(3), 374 – 382.
Islam, M.S. & Akhter, T. (2011). Tale of Fish Sperm and Factors Affecting Sperm Motility: A Review. Advances in Life Sciences, 1(1), 11 - 19.
Kimmel, C.B., Ballard, W.W., Kimmel, S.R., Ullmann, B. & Schilling, T.F. (1995). Stages of Embryonic Development of the Zebrafish. Wiley-Liss, Inc. Developmental Dynamics, 203, 253 - 310.
Lahnsteiner, F., Weismann, T.R. & Patzner, A. (1995). A uniform method for cryopreservation of semen of salmonid fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta fario, Salmo trutta lacustris, Coregonus sp.). Aquaculture Research, 26, 801 – 807.
Lahnsteiner, F. (2008). The effect of internal and external cryoprotectants on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Theriogenology, 69, 384 - 396.
Liebermann, J. & Tucker, M.J. (2002). Effect of carrier system on the yield of human oocytes and embryos as assessed by survival and developmental potential after vitrification. Reproduction, 124, 483 - 489.
Lin, C., Zhang, T. & Dawson, D.M. (2009). Cryopreservation of zebra fish (Danio rerio) blastomeres by controlled slow cooling. Cryo- Lett, 30, 132 – 141.
Muchlisin, Z.A. (2005). Review current status of extenders on fish spermatozoa cryopreservation. Biodiversitas, 6(1), 12 - 15.
Ounkwanmuang, P., Nimrat, S. & Vuthiphandchai, V. (2008). Simple Cryopreservation of Common Silver Barb (Barbodes gonionotus). Proceeding of 46th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. The Thailand Research Fund. 7 p. (in Thai)
Pewnane, P., Ampolsak, K., Jeenmik, T. & Makkasab, C. (2004). Cryopreservation of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Spermatozoa. Technical Paper no.6. Aquatic Animal Genetics Research and Development Institute. Department of Fisheries. 45 p. (in Thai)
Pewnane, P., Sodsook, P.G., Ratanatriwong, W. & Jeunmic, T. (2012). Effect of Hormone Inducing Gametes Maturation of Pangasius sanitwongsei and Cryopreservation of Pangasius sanitwongsei spermatozoa. (in
Thai)
Polprasit, S. & Tawarutmaneegul, P. (1997). Some Aspects on the Biology of the Mekong Giant Catfish (Pangasianodon gigas). Thai Fisheries Gazettes, 51(11), 11 - 25. (in Thai)
Pomsema, W. (2009). Effect of Cryoprotectants on Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Rajamangkalatawan ook Research, 2 (1), 67 – 74. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S. & Khunnumthiang, S. (2010). Effect of Combination Cryoprotectants and Freezing Rates on the Cryopreservation of Pangasius lamaudii sperm. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research, 6 (2), 1 - 13. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S., Imsil, A. & Singsee, S. (2010). Cryopreservation of Mekong catfish (Pangasius bocourti) Sperm. Full Research Report, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakornratchasema. 72 p. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S., Imsil, A. & Singsee, S. (2011). Preservation of Small Scale Mud Carp, Cirrhinus microlepis Sperm and the Suitable of Sperm : Egg Ratio of Fresh or Cryopreserved Sperm. Reserch Report, Division of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakornratchasema. 101 p. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S., Rodrarung, D. & Chumti, A. (2013). Cryopreservation of Giant Barb, Catlocarpio siamensis Sperm Reserch Report, Division of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakornratchasema. 54 p. (in Thai)
Rahman, S.M., Majhi, S.K., Suzuki, T., Matsukawa, S., Strussmann, C.A. & Takai, R. (2008). Suitability of cryoprotectants and impregnation protocols for embryos of Japanese whiting Sillago japonica. Cryobiology, 57, 170 - 174.
Rahman, S.M., Strüssmann, C.A., Majhi, S.K., Suzuki, T. & Watanabe, M. (2011). Efficiency of osmotic and chemical treatments to improve the permeation of the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide to Japanese whiting (Sillago japonica) embryos. Theriogenology, 75(2), 248 - 255.
Riesco, M.F., Martínez-Pastor, F., Chereguini, O. & Robles, V. (2012). Evaluation of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) PGCs viability and DNA damage using different cryopreservation protocols. Theriogenology, 77(1), 122 - 130.
Robles, V., Cabrita, E., Fletcher, G.L., Shears, M.A., King, M.J. & Herraez, M.P. (2005). Vitrification assays with embryos from a cold tolerant sub-arctic fish species. Theriogenology, 64, 1633 - 1646.
Sean-in, N., Jaritngam, T. & Yashiro, R. (2012). Sperm Cryopreservation of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766). Technical Paper no.35. Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau Department of Fisheries. 20 p. (in Thai)
Silakes, S. & Bart, A.N. (2010). Ultrasound enhanced permeation of methanol into zebrafish, Danio rerio, embryo. Aquaculture, 303, 71 - 76.
Simione, F.P. (1998). Cryopreservation manual. Nalge nune international corporation. 15 p.
Strüssmann, C.A., Nakatsugawa, H., Takashima, F., Hasobe, M., Suzuki, M.T. & Takai, R. (1999). Cryopreservation of isolated fish blastomeres: effect of cell stage, cryoprotectant concentration, and cooling rate on postthawing survival. Cryobiology, 39, 252 - 261.
Tian, Y.S., Chen, S.L., Yan, A.S., Ji, X.S. & Yu, G.C. (2003). Cryopreservation of sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicas) embryos by vitrification. Acta Zool Sin, 49: 843 – 850.
Tsai, S., Rawson, D.M. & Zhang, T. (2009). Development of cryopreservation protocols for early stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovarian follicles using controlled slow cooling. Theriogenology, 71, 1226 – 1233.
Tuset, V.M., Trippel, E. A. & Monserrat, J. de. (2008). Sperm morphology and its influence on swimming speed in Atlantic cod. J. Appl. Ichthyol, 24, 398 – 405.
Urbanyi B., Baranyai, B., Magyary, I. & Dinnyes, A. (1997). Toxicity of methanol, DMSO and glycerol on carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos in different development stage. Theriogenology, 47, 408.
Vuthiphandchai, V., Pengpuna, B. & Nimrat, S. (2005). Effects of cryoprotectant toxicity and temperature sensitivity on the embryos of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture, 246, 275 – 284.
Vuthiphandchai, V. (2009). Development of Low Temperature Preservation Technology of Thai Walking Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) Semen for Conservation and Aquaculture: Completed Report Bangkok: Thailand Research Fund. 66 p. (in Thai)
Wankanapol, A. (2012). Evaluation of different cryopreservation agents used in the cryopreservation of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) embryo. Ph.D. Dissertation. Central Luzon State University. Philippines. 154 p.
Wankanapol, A. (2018). Cryopreservation of Fish Gametes. Teaching Document, Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University. (in Thai)
Wittayanon, C., Kannasoot, C. & Nabhitabhata, J. (2012). Diversity of Freshwater Fish in Thailand. (in Thai)
Xiao, Z.Z., Zhang, L.L., Xu, X.Z., Liu, Q.H., Li, J., Ma, D.Y., Xu, S.H., Xue, Y.P. & Xue, Q.Z. (2008). Effect of cryoprotectants on hatching rate of red seabream (Pagrus major) embryos. Theriogenology, 70, 1086 –1092.
Zampolla, T, Spiking, E.S., Zhang, T. & Rawson, D.M. (2009). Effect of methanol and Me2SO exposure on mitochondrial activity and distribution in stage III ovarian follicles of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Cryobiology, 59(2), 188 - 194.
Zhang, T., Rawson, D.M. & Morris, G.J. (1993). Cryopreservation of pre hatch embryos of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Aquatic Living Resources, 6(2), 145 - 153.
Zhang, T. & Rawson, D.M. (1996). Feasibility on vitrification of intact zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos. Cryobiology, 33, 1 – 13.
Zhang, Y.Z., Zhang, S.C., Liu, X.Z., Xu, Y.J., Hu, J.H., Xu, Y.Y., Li, J. & Chen, S.L. (2005). Toxicity and protective efficiency of cryoprotectants to flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos. Theriogenology, 63, 763 – 773.
Zhang, T., Wang, R.Y., Bao, Q.Y. & Rawson, D.M. (2006). Development of a new rapid measurement technique for fish embryo membrane permeability studies using impedance spectroscopy. Theriogenology, 66, 982 - 988.
Beirão, J., Robles, V., Herraez, M.P., Sarasquete, M.C., Dinis, M.T. & Cabrita, E. (2006). Cryoprotectant microinjection toxicity and chilling sensitivity in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) embryo. Aquaculture, 261, 897 – 903.
Boonkuson, D. (2008). Oocyte Cryopreservation for Medical Application. Journal of Health Science Research, 2
(1), 1 - 8. (in Thai)
Cabrita, E., Chereguini, O., Luna, M., Paz, P.D. & Herraez, M.P. (2003). Effect of different treatments on the chorion permeability to DMSO of turbot embryos (Scophthalmus maximus). Aquaculture, 221, 593 - 604.
Cabrita, E., Robles, V., Wallace, J.C., Sarasquete, M.C. & Herraez, M.P. (2006). Preliminary studies on the cryopreservation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) embryos. Aquaculture, 251, 245 - 255.
Calvi, S.L. & Maisse, G. (1998). Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) blastomeres: influence of embryo stage on postthaw survival rate. Cryobiology, 36, 255 – 262.
Chao, N.H. & Liao, I.C. (2001). Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos. Aquaculture, 197, 161 – 189.
Chen, S.L. & Tian, Y.S. (2005). Cryopreservation of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos by vitrification. Theriogenology, 63, 1207 – 1219.
Chesoh, S., Dumjutii, A., Jul-adung, S., Gomenprairin, K., Thipbunpot, M. & Sitikasemkit, N. (2004). Climbing Perch Culture, Biology and Technique for Commercial Aquaculture. Aquatic Animal Research Center Office Chum Pon and Thai Luxe Enterprise Company Limited. 32 p. (in Thai)
Chodcharat, S., Nimrat, S. & Vuthiphandchai, V. (2005). Cryopreservation of Common Black Ear Catfish (Pangasius larnaudii). Proceeding of 43rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference. Kasetsart University Bang Khen, Bangkok. 82 - 89. (in Thai)
Chompoothawat, S. (2007). Sperm Cryopreservation of Red Snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus). Thesis, Master of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri. 78 p. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (2005). Common Silver Barb Culture. Instruct manual. Inland Fisheries Development and Researh Office. 20 p. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (2010). Nile Tilapia Culture. Instruct manual. Inland Fisheries Development and Research Office. 36 p. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries. (2016). Fisheries Statistic of Thailand 2016. Fisheries Development Policy and Strategy Division. 92 p. (in Thai)
Edashige, K., Valdez, D.M. Jr., Hara, T., Saida, N., Seki, S. & Kasai, M. (2006). Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos are difficult to cryopreserve by vitrification. Cryobiology, 53, 96 - 106.
Fletcher, G.L., Hew, C.L. & Davies, P.L. (2001). Antifreeze proteins of teleost fishes. Annual Review of Physiology, 63, 359 - 390.
Flowerchild207 (2013). Diagram of fish egg. Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository.
Hambananda, A. & Mongkonpunya, K. (1996).Cryopreservation of Milt of striped Catfish (Pangasius suchi). Proceeding of 34th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. Kasetsart University Bang Khen, Bangkok, 320 - 328. (in Thai)
Hegadorn, M., Kleinhans, F.W., Wildt, D.E. & Rall, W.F. (1997). Chilling sensitivity and cryoprotectant permeability of dechorionated zebrafish embryos, Brachydanio rerio. Cryobiology, 34, 251 – 263.
Hegadorn, M. & Kleinhans, F.W. (2000). Problems and prospects in cryopreservation of fish embryos. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, pp. 161 - 178.
Higaki, S., Mochizuki, K., Baba, H., Akashi, Y., Yamana, E., Katagiri, S. & Takahashi, Y. (2009). Feasibility of cryopreservation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) primordial germ cells by whole embryo freezing. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 57(2), 119 – 128.
Higaki, S., Kawakami, Y. ,Eto, Y., Yamaha, E., Nagano, M., Katagiri, S., Takada, T. & Takahashi, Y. (2013). Cryopreservation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) primordial germ cells by vitrification of yolk-intact and yolk-depleted embryos using various cryoprotectant solutions. Cryobiology, 67(3), 374 – 382.
Islam, M.S. & Akhter, T. (2011). Tale of Fish Sperm and Factors Affecting Sperm Motility: A Review. Advances in Life Sciences, 1(1), 11 - 19.
Kimmel, C.B., Ballard, W.W., Kimmel, S.R., Ullmann, B. & Schilling, T.F. (1995). Stages of Embryonic Development of the Zebrafish. Wiley-Liss, Inc. Developmental Dynamics, 203, 253 - 310.
Lahnsteiner, F., Weismann, T.R. & Patzner, A. (1995). A uniform method for cryopreservation of semen of salmonid fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta fario, Salmo trutta lacustris, Coregonus sp.). Aquaculture Research, 26, 801 – 807.
Lahnsteiner, F. (2008). The effect of internal and external cryoprotectants on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Theriogenology, 69, 384 - 396.
Liebermann, J. & Tucker, M.J. (2002). Effect of carrier system on the yield of human oocytes and embryos as assessed by survival and developmental potential after vitrification. Reproduction, 124, 483 - 489.
Lin, C., Zhang, T. & Dawson, D.M. (2009). Cryopreservation of zebra fish (Danio rerio) blastomeres by controlled slow cooling. Cryo- Lett, 30, 132 – 141.
Muchlisin, Z.A. (2005). Review current status of extenders on fish spermatozoa cryopreservation. Biodiversitas, 6(1), 12 - 15.
Ounkwanmuang, P., Nimrat, S. & Vuthiphandchai, V. (2008). Simple Cryopreservation of Common Silver Barb (Barbodes gonionotus). Proceeding of 46th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. The Thailand Research Fund. 7 p. (in Thai)
Pewnane, P., Ampolsak, K., Jeenmik, T. & Makkasab, C. (2004). Cryopreservation of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Spermatozoa. Technical Paper no.6. Aquatic Animal Genetics Research and Development Institute. Department of Fisheries. 45 p. (in Thai)
Pewnane, P., Sodsook, P.G., Ratanatriwong, W. & Jeunmic, T. (2012). Effect of Hormone Inducing Gametes Maturation of Pangasius sanitwongsei and Cryopreservation of Pangasius sanitwongsei spermatozoa. (in
Thai)
Polprasit, S. & Tawarutmaneegul, P. (1997). Some Aspects on the Biology of the Mekong Giant Catfish (Pangasianodon gigas). Thai Fisheries Gazettes, 51(11), 11 - 25. (in Thai)
Pomsema, W. (2009). Effect of Cryoprotectants on Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Rajamangkalatawan ook Research, 2 (1), 67 – 74. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S. & Khunnumthiang, S. (2010). Effect of Combination Cryoprotectants and Freezing Rates on the Cryopreservation of Pangasius lamaudii sperm. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research, 6 (2), 1 - 13. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S., Imsil, A. & Singsee, S. (2010). Cryopreservation of Mekong catfish (Pangasius bocourti) Sperm. Full Research Report, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakornratchasema. 72 p. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S., Imsil, A. & Singsee, S. (2011). Preservation of Small Scale Mud Carp, Cirrhinus microlepis Sperm and the Suitable of Sperm : Egg Ratio of Fresh or Cryopreserved Sperm. Reserch Report, Division of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakornratchasema. 101 p. (in Thai)
Ponchunchoovong, S., Rodrarung, D. & Chumti, A. (2013). Cryopreservation of Giant Barb, Catlocarpio siamensis Sperm Reserch Report, Division of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakornratchasema. 54 p. (in Thai)
Rahman, S.M., Majhi, S.K., Suzuki, T., Matsukawa, S., Strussmann, C.A. & Takai, R. (2008). Suitability of cryoprotectants and impregnation protocols for embryos of Japanese whiting Sillago japonica. Cryobiology, 57, 170 - 174.
Rahman, S.M., Strüssmann, C.A., Majhi, S.K., Suzuki, T. & Watanabe, M. (2011). Efficiency of osmotic and chemical treatments to improve the permeation of the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide to Japanese whiting (Sillago japonica) embryos. Theriogenology, 75(2), 248 - 255.
Riesco, M.F., Martínez-Pastor, F., Chereguini, O. & Robles, V. (2012). Evaluation of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) PGCs viability and DNA damage using different cryopreservation protocols. Theriogenology, 77(1), 122 - 130.
Robles, V., Cabrita, E., Fletcher, G.L., Shears, M.A., King, M.J. & Herraez, M.P. (2005). Vitrification assays with embryos from a cold tolerant sub-arctic fish species. Theriogenology, 64, 1633 - 1646.
Sean-in, N., Jaritngam, T. & Yashiro, R. (2012). Sperm Cryopreservation of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766). Technical Paper no.35. Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau Department of Fisheries. 20 p. (in Thai)
Silakes, S. & Bart, A.N. (2010). Ultrasound enhanced permeation of methanol into zebrafish, Danio rerio, embryo. Aquaculture, 303, 71 - 76.
Simione, F.P. (1998). Cryopreservation manual. Nalge nune international corporation. 15 p.
Strüssmann, C.A., Nakatsugawa, H., Takashima, F., Hasobe, M., Suzuki, M.T. & Takai, R. (1999). Cryopreservation of isolated fish blastomeres: effect of cell stage, cryoprotectant concentration, and cooling rate on postthawing survival. Cryobiology, 39, 252 - 261.
Tian, Y.S., Chen, S.L., Yan, A.S., Ji, X.S. & Yu, G.C. (2003). Cryopreservation of sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicas) embryos by vitrification. Acta Zool Sin, 49: 843 – 850.
Tsai, S., Rawson, D.M. & Zhang, T. (2009). Development of cryopreservation protocols for early stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovarian follicles using controlled slow cooling. Theriogenology, 71, 1226 – 1233.
Tuset, V.M., Trippel, E. A. & Monserrat, J. de. (2008). Sperm morphology and its influence on swimming speed in Atlantic cod. J. Appl. Ichthyol, 24, 398 – 405.
Urbanyi B., Baranyai, B., Magyary, I. & Dinnyes, A. (1997). Toxicity of methanol, DMSO and glycerol on carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos in different development stage. Theriogenology, 47, 408.
Vuthiphandchai, V., Pengpuna, B. & Nimrat, S. (2005). Effects of cryoprotectant toxicity and temperature sensitivity on the embryos of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture, 246, 275 – 284.
Vuthiphandchai, V. (2009). Development of Low Temperature Preservation Technology of Thai Walking Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) Semen for Conservation and Aquaculture: Completed Report Bangkok: Thailand Research Fund. 66 p. (in Thai)
Wankanapol, A. (2012). Evaluation of different cryopreservation agents used in the cryopreservation of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) embryo. Ph.D. Dissertation. Central Luzon State University. Philippines. 154 p.
Wankanapol, A. (2018). Cryopreservation of Fish Gametes. Teaching Document, Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University. (in Thai)
Wittayanon, C., Kannasoot, C. & Nabhitabhata, J. (2012). Diversity of Freshwater Fish in Thailand. (in Thai)
Xiao, Z.Z., Zhang, L.L., Xu, X.Z., Liu, Q.H., Li, J., Ma, D.Y., Xu, S.H., Xue, Y.P. & Xue, Q.Z. (2008). Effect of cryoprotectants on hatching rate of red seabream (Pagrus major) embryos. Theriogenology, 70, 1086 –1092.
Zampolla, T, Spiking, E.S., Zhang, T. & Rawson, D.M. (2009). Effect of methanol and Me2SO exposure on mitochondrial activity and distribution in stage III ovarian follicles of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Cryobiology, 59(2), 188 - 194.
Zhang, T., Rawson, D.M. & Morris, G.J. (1993). Cryopreservation of pre hatch embryos of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Aquatic Living Resources, 6(2), 145 - 153.
Zhang, T. & Rawson, D.M. (1996). Feasibility on vitrification of intact zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos. Cryobiology, 33, 1 – 13.
Zhang, Y.Z., Zhang, S.C., Liu, X.Z., Xu, Y.J., Hu, J.H., Xu, Y.Y., Li, J. & Chen, S.L. (2005). Toxicity and protective efficiency of cryoprotectants to flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos. Theriogenology, 63, 763 – 773.
Zhang, T., Wang, R.Y., Bao, Q.Y. & Rawson, D.M. (2006). Development of a new rapid measurement technique for fish embryo membrane permeability studies using impedance spectroscopy. Theriogenology, 66, 982 - 988.
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2019-05-29
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