Some Aspects of Ecology of Wedge Clam, Donax faba Gmelin, 1791 at Bangling Beach, Thepha District, Songkhla Province
Abstract
The study on some aspects of ecology of wedge clam, Donax faba Gmelin, 1791 at Bang Ling beach, Thepha district, Songkhla province, was conducted during June 2017 to January 2018 with three seasonal samplings. This study investigated the morphology, food and physical characteristics of habitats of the clam. The samples were collected at upper tidal zone along 2 kilometers of sandy beach using circular sieve maze size of 12 mm. It revealed that there were 8 types of Wedge clam, Donax faba found in Bang Ling Beach categorized by shell colours and shell patterns as type A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. The common form was type C, while type H was the rarest. Shell height of the clam ranged from 10.1 – 15.0 mm, except type A and F which were smaller than 10 mm range. The height above 15.0 mm was uncommon in all group and the maximum shell height was 19.2 mm. The shell length ranged from 15.01 – 20.00 mm except type H which was smaller than 15.01 mm and the shell length was larger than 25.01 mm. It was found that in different seasonal sampling, the wedge calm height, length and weight and types of shell (p<0.05). The mean height, length and weight were 11.03 mm, 17.42 mm and 1.02 g, respectively. Diet of wedge clam were mainly phytoplankton in the phylum of Bacillariophyta (91.78%) with the Pleurosigma spp. is the major component (24.31%). Environmental factors which were measured including pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and salinity are not different through study period and sandy beach mainly consisting of medium sand particles (0.25 – 0.50 mm). Keywords : wedge clam, Donax faba, Bangling Beach, ThephaReferences
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Folk, R.L. (1974). Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, 170 p.
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Sidoumou, Z., Gnassia–Barelli, M., Siau, Y., Morton, V. & Romeo, M. (2006). Heavy metal concentration in molluscs from the Senegal coast. Environment International, 32, 384–387.
Swennen, C., Moolenbeek, R.G., Ruttanadakul, N., Hobbelink, H., Dekker, H. & Hajisamae, S. (2001).
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Tenjing, Y. (2017). Biometric relationships of the edible wedge clam, Donax faba (Gmelin, 1791) of two populations from Panambur (polluted area) and Padukere (unpolluted area) with reference to environmental variables (India). Vie et milieu – Life and Environment, 67(3–4), 179–192.
Thanee, N., Jitpukdee, S. & Tantikamton, K. (2015). Beach quality assesment in Krabi, Trang and Satun provinces by using benthic macrofauna. Suranaree University of Technology. (in Thai)
Thippeswamy, S. & Joseph, M.M. (1992). Allometry in the wedge clam, Donax incarnatus (Gmelin) from Panambur beach, Mangalore. Indian. Journal of Marine Science, 2, 161–163.
Velarde, A.A. & Aguilar, J.M. (2008). Growth and production of Donax obesulus Reeve, 1854 (Bivalvia: Donacidae) at Sarapampa beach, Asia, Lima. Ecologia Aplicada, 7, 63–70.
Vélez, A., Venables, B.J. & Fitzpatrik, L.C. (1985). Growth and reproduction of the tropical beach clam Donax denticulatus (Tellinidae) in Eastern Venezuela. Caribbean Journal of Science, 21, 63–73.
Witkowski, A., Lange–Bertalot, H., & Metzeltin, D. (2000). Diatom flora of marine coasts I. In H. Lange–Bertalot (Ed.), Iconographia Diatomologica: Vol. 7 Diversity–Taxomony–Identification. (pp. 1–925). Königstein, Germany: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G.
Yawetz, A., Fishelson, L., Bresler, V. & Manelis, R. (2010). Comparison of the effects of pollution on the marine bivalve Donax trunculus in the vicinity of polluted sites with specimens from a clean reference site (Mediterranean Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(2), 225–229.
Alagarswami, K. (1966). Studies on some aspects of biology of the wedge–clam, Donax faba Gmelin from Mandapam coast in the Gulf of Mannar. Mar. biol. Ass. India, 8(1), 56–75.
Ambarwati, R. & Faizah, U. (2017). Colour and Morphometric Variation of Donacid Bivalves from Nepa Beach, Madura Island, Indonesia. Biosaintifika, 9(3), 466–473.
Ansell, A.D. & Lagardère, F. (1980). Observations on the biology of Donax trunculus and D. vittatus at Ile d'Oleron (French Atlantic Coast). Marine Biology, 57, 287–300.
Ashraful, M.A.K., Assim, Z.B. & lsmai, M. (2009). Food and feeding biology of green mussel, Perna viridis from the bay of Bengal coast, Banglaadesh. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 15(3), 415–420.
Cupp, E.E. (1943). Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of North America. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceonog., Univ. Calif., 5(1), 1–238. Pls. I–V, Figs. 1–1–68.
Fishelson, L., Bresler, V., Manelis, R., Zuk–Rimon, Z. & Dotan, A. (1999). Toxicological aspects associated with the ecology of Donax trunculus (Bivalvia, Mollusca) in a polluted environment. Science of the Total Environment, 226 (2), 121–131.
Folk, R.L. (1974). Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, 170 p.
Haynes, D., leeder, J. & Rayment, P. (1995). Temporal and Spatial Variation in Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Bivalve Donax deltoides from the Ninety Mile Beach, Victoria, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 30(6), 419–424.
Iqbal, T.H., Hajisamae, S. & Khongpuang, S. (2017). Feeding Habits of Asian Green Mussel (Perna viridis): A Case Study from and aman sea and Gulf of Thailand. In Proceeding of 5th Science and Technology (Asian Academic Society International Conference). (pp. 480–485). Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Khowhit, S., Chunkao, K., Inkapatanakul, W., Phewnil, O. & Boutson, A. (2015a). Species Composition of Phytoplankton in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Hard Clam (Meretrix meretrix) in the Coastal Area of Laem Phak Bia: The King's Royally Initiated Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project, Phetchaburi Province. KKU Sci. J, 43(2), 212-221. (in Thai)
Khowhit, S., Chunkao, K., Inkapatanakul, W., Phewnil, O. & Boutson, A. (2015b). Species Composition of Phytoplankton in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Meretrix casta in the Coastal Area of Laem Phak Bia: The King's Royally Initiated Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project, Phetchaburi Province. Journal of Science and Technology Thammasat University, 23(1), 73-85. (in Thai)
Mahasawasde, C. & Mahasawasde, S. (1983). Accumulation of some heavy metals in Donax faba Perna viridis and Crassostrea commercialis in Sri Racha bay. In Proceedings of 22th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 142–150). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Manatrinon, S., Thonglor, O. & Boonyapakdee, A. (2012). Genetic and Shell Morphological Variation of Donax spp. Silpakorn University Research and Development Institute, Silpakorn University. (in Thai)
Manthachitra, V. (1997). Influence of sampling schemes on the abundance estimation of bivalve Donax faba
Chemnitz. Burapha Science Journal, 5(2), 53–69. (in Thai)
Marcano, J. S., Prieto, A., Lárez, A. & Salazar, H. (2003). Crecimiento de Donax denticulatus (Linné 1758) (Bivalvía: Donacidae) en la ensenada La Guardia, isla de Margarita, Venezuela. Zootecnia Tropical, 21, 237–259.
MolluscaBase. (2018). Donax Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved January 1, 2019, from
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137906
Murray–Jones, S. (1999). Conservation and management in variable environments: the surf clam, Donax deltoids. PhD. Thesis. University of Wollongong, New South Wales.
Omura, T., Iwataki, M., Borja, V.M., Takayama, H. & Fukuyo, Y. (2012). Marine phytoplankton of the Western Pacific. Tokyo : Kouseisha Kouseikaku Co., Ltd., 160 p.
Papazoglou, E. (2007). Arundo donax L. stress tolerance under irrigation with heavy metal aqueous solutions. Desalination, 211, 304–313.
Rattanayuvakorn, S. & Bumrungra, P. (2008). Gametogenesis of Donax faba Gmelin, 1791 at Wannapa Beach Bangsaen, Chonburi province. In Proceeding the annual conference on fisheries 2008. (pp. 238–246). Bangkok: Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Sanpanich, K. (2011). Marine bivalves occurring on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand. Science Asia, 37,
195–204.
Sidoumou, Z., Gnassia–Barelli, M., Siau, Y., Morton, V. & Romeo, M. (2006). Heavy metal concentration in molluscs from the Senegal coast. Environment International, 32, 384–387.
Swennen, C., Moolenbeek, R.G., Ruttanadakul, N., Hobbelink, H., Dekker, H. & Hajisamae, S. (2001).
The Molluscs of the Southern Gulf of Thailland. Thai Studies in Biodiversity, 4, pp. 1–210.
Tan, S.K. & Low, M.E.Y. (2013). Singapore mollusca: 3. The family Donacidae (Bivalvia: Veneroida: Tellinoidea). Nature in Singapore, 6, 257–263.
Tantikamton, K., Thanee, N., Jitpukdee, S. & Potter, P. (2015). Species diversity and ecological characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates in the intertidal zone of Satun province, Thailand and the first record of Petersenaspis sp. International Journal of Advances in Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, 2(1), 23–27.
Tenjing, Y. (2017). Biometric relationships of the edible wedge clam, Donax faba (Gmelin, 1791) of two populations from Panambur (polluted area) and Padukere (unpolluted area) with reference to environmental variables (India). Vie et milieu – Life and Environment, 67(3–4), 179–192.
Thanee, N., Jitpukdee, S. & Tantikamton, K. (2015). Beach quality assesment in Krabi, Trang and Satun provinces by using benthic macrofauna. Suranaree University of Technology. (in Thai)
Thippeswamy, S. & Joseph, M.M. (1992). Allometry in the wedge clam, Donax incarnatus (Gmelin) from Panambur beach, Mangalore. Indian. Journal of Marine Science, 2, 161–163.
Velarde, A.A. & Aguilar, J.M. (2008). Growth and production of Donax obesulus Reeve, 1854 (Bivalvia: Donacidae) at Sarapampa beach, Asia, Lima. Ecologia Aplicada, 7, 63–70.
Vélez, A., Venables, B.J. & Fitzpatrik, L.C. (1985). Growth and reproduction of the tropical beach clam Donax denticulatus (Tellinidae) in Eastern Venezuela. Caribbean Journal of Science, 21, 63–73.
Witkowski, A., Lange–Bertalot, H., & Metzeltin, D. (2000). Diatom flora of marine coasts I. In H. Lange–Bertalot (Ed.), Iconographia Diatomologica: Vol. 7 Diversity–Taxomony–Identification. (pp. 1–925). Königstein, Germany: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G.
Yawetz, A., Fishelson, L., Bresler, V. & Manelis, R. (2010). Comparison of the effects of pollution on the marine bivalve Donax trunculus in the vicinity of polluted sites with specimens from a clean reference site (Mediterranean Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(2), 225–229.
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2019-03-26
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