Fish-Based Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) for Freshwater Ecosystems
Abstract
The Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBI) are becoming increasingly used as tools for providing scientific information for environmental impact assessment and further research. The Fish-based Index of Biotic Integrity (Fish-IBI) was developed in the early eighties as a tool to classify and rank the environmental quality of aquatic habitats. The Fish-IBI methodology was designed to use biological components (metrics) to determine the relative health of the aquatic environment. The metrics usually included measures of taxonomic richness, habitat and trophic guild composition, dominant species, intolerant and tolerant species, disease health or anomalies, totally 12 metrics. The main criteria for a metric are that it demonstrates a range of values across a gradient of environmental quality and is expected to be found in most aquatic ecosystems. The most common type of scoring for Fish-IBI is the 1-3-5 criteria. Poor habitat quality is scored as 1, moderate habitat quality is scored as 3 and good habitat quality is scored as 5, comparing to the reference site. Each Fish-IBI metric is scored individually and then summed together to create an overall Fish-IBI score for the study site. The overall Fish-IBI calculated ranged from 12 to 60, which can be used to determine the relative health of the site. Using the habitat quality ratings proposed by Karr (1981), the fish habitat ranged 5 levels across the sampling locations are very poor, poor, fair, good and excellent respectively. This paper reviewed the Fish-IBI methodology and the applications for assessing the aquatic ecosystem health, conducted by various researchers. In each case show and discuss on its application. Keywords : Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), indicator, metrics, habitat qualityReferences
Angermeier, P. L. and Karr, J. R. (1986). Applying an index of biotic integrity based on stream fish communities: considerations in sampling and interpretation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 6, 418-429.
Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Griffith, G. E., Frydenborg, R., Mc Carron, E., White, J. S. and Bastian, M. L. (1996). A Framework for Biological Criteria for Florida Streams Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 15, 185-211.
Bozzetti, M. and Schulz, U. H. (2004). An index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages for subtropical streams in southern Brazil. Hydrobiologia, 529, 133–144.
Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Cazzola, M. and Kemp, J. L. (2004). The AQEM multimetrics system for the southern Italian Apennines: assessment the impact of water quality and habitat degradation on pool macroinvertebrate in Mediterranean rivers. Hydrobiology, 516, 313-329.
Das, M.K. and Samanta, S. (2006). Application of an index of biotic integrity (IBI) to fish assemblage of the tropical Hooghly estuary. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 53(1), 47-57.
Department of Fisheries. (1992). Fisheries survey in Nong Han during renovations. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Duangsawasdi, S., Leeranont, Y., Sricharoendham, B. and Rattanachamnong, D. (1994). Fishery resource and fishery activities in Nong Han after rehabilitation. Technical Paper 158. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Duangsawasdi, S., Sricharoendham, B., Kaewjaroon, P., Aimsab, M., Somchan, W. and Promkhruan, N. (2003). Ecology and Fish Community in Nong Han Swamp, Sakon Nakhon Province. Technical Paper 6/2003. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Gabriels, W., Goethals, P.L.M. and De Pauw, N. (2005). Implications of taxonomic modifications and alien species on biological water quality assessment as exemplified by the Belgian Biotic Index method. Hydrobiologia, 542, 137-150.
Ganasan, V. and Hughes, R.M. (1998). Application of an index of biological integrity (IBI) to fish assemblages of the rivers Khan and Kshipra (Madhya Pradesh), India. Freshwater Biology, 40(2), 367-383.
Gammon, J.R. and Simon, T.P. (2000). Variation in a great river index of biotic integrity over a 20-year period. Hydrobiologia, 422(423), 291–304.
Hiranyawat, S. (1976). Study on ecology and fisheries in Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Hughes, R.M., Kaufmann, P.R., Herlihy, A.T., Kincfaid, T.M., Reynolds, L. and Larsen, D.P. (1998). A process for developing and evaluating indices of fish assemblage integrity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 55, 1618-1631.
Jenkins, R.E. and Burkhead, N.M. (1993). The freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Karr, J.R. (1981). Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries, 6(6), 21-27.
Karr, J.R. (1991). Biological Integrity: A Long-Neglected Aspect of Water Resource Management. Ecological Applications, 1(1), 66-84.
Karr, J. R., Heidinger, R. C. and Helmer, E. H. (1985). Sensitivity of the index of biotic integrity to changes in chlorine and ammonia levels from wastewater treatment facilities. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 57, 912-915.
Karr, J. R., Fausch, K. D. Angermeier, P. L. Yant, P. R. and Schlosser, I. J. (1986). Assessing biological integrity in running waters: a method and its rationale. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaigne, Illinois, Special Publication.
Lyons. J. (1992). Using the index of biotic integrity (IBI) to measure environmental quality in warmwater stream of Wisconsin. General Technical Report NC-149. U.S.Department of Agriculture,
St. Paul, MN.
Mohamed, A.R. (2014a). Evaluation of fish assemblage environment in Huwazah marsh, Iraq using integrated biological index. Advance Agriculture and Biology, 1(3), 105-111.
Mohamed, A.R. (2014b). A fish index of biotic integrity for evaluation of fish assemblage environment in restored Chybaism marsh, Iraq. G.J.B.A.H.S, 3(1), 32-37.
Ngamsnae, P. (2011). Monitoring and bio-indicators for assessment of freshwater ecosystems. Department of Fisheries. Faculty of Agriculture. Ubon Ratchathani University. (in Thai)
Rayan, S. (2014). Fishes diversity and fish-based index of biological integrity (IBI) of Nong Han wetland, Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand. PhD Thesis. Ubon Ratchathani University. (in Thai)
Rayan, W., Naunsang, A., Ngoichansri, S. and Chatchavantatri, T. (2016). Spatio-temporal variation in fish community of Nonghan Swamp, Sakon Nakhon province, between 2009 and 2015. Technical Paper No. 31/2016. Department of fisheries. (in Thai)
Reynoldson, T. B., Norris, R. H., Resh, V. H., Day, K. E. and Rosenberg, D. M. (1997). The reference condition: a comparison of multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water-quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16, 833-852.
Ruekaewma, P., Ngoichansri, S., Thongphant, W., Rayan, W. and Sutti-arj, S. (2002). Species, biomass and distribution of aquatic macrophyte in Nong Han swamp, Sakon Nakhon province. Retrieved November 10, 2017, from http://www.fisheries.go.th/if-sakhon/web2. (in Thai)
Smogor, R. (1996). Developing an index of biotic integrity (IBI) for warmwater wadeable streams in Virginia. M.S. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Sricharoendham, B. and Koanantakul, K. (1993). Fish catch and fisheries survey during the rehabilitation program of Nong Han swamp, Sakon Nakhon province, 1992. Technical Paper 143. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Srikomut, S. (1971). Fishery biological surveys in Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon province. In Annual Report 1971. Sakon Nakhon Inland Fisheries Station, Sakon Nakhon. (in Thai)
Srimukda, P. (1968). Fishery biological surveys in Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon province. In Annual Report 1968. Sakon Nakhon Inland Fisheries Station, Sakon Nakhon. (in Thai)
Suteemeechaikul, S., Vibulsook, S. and Sricharoendham, B. (2000). Fishery activities and catch of Nong Han Swamp, Sakon Nakhon Province. Technical Paper 18/2000. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Steedman, R. J. (1988). Modification and assessment of an index of biotic integrity to quantify stream quality in Southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 492-501.
Teels, B.M. and Danielson, T.J. (2001). Using a regional IBI to characterize the condition of northern Virginia streams, with emphasis on the Occoquam Watershed. USDA, NRCS, Wetland Science Institute, Laurel, MD, USA. Technical Note 190-13-1.
Teels, B.M., Mazanti, L.E. and Rewa, C.A. (2004). Using an IBI to assess effectiveness of mitigation measures to replace loss of a wetland-stream ecosystem. Wetlands, 24, 375-384.
U.S. EPA. (2002). Methods for Evaluating Wetland Condition: Introduction to Wetland Biological Assessment. Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. EPA-822-R-02-014.
Zhu, D. and Chang, J. (2008). Annual variations of biotic integrity in the upper Yangtze River using an adapted index of biotic integrity (IBI). Ecological Indicators, 8, 564–572.
Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Griffith, G. E., Frydenborg, R., Mc Carron, E., White, J. S. and Bastian, M. L. (1996). A Framework for Biological Criteria for Florida Streams Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 15, 185-211.
Bozzetti, M. and Schulz, U. H. (2004). An index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages for subtropical streams in southern Brazil. Hydrobiologia, 529, 133–144.
Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Cazzola, M. and Kemp, J. L. (2004). The AQEM multimetrics system for the southern Italian Apennines: assessment the impact of water quality and habitat degradation on pool macroinvertebrate in Mediterranean rivers. Hydrobiology, 516, 313-329.
Das, M.K. and Samanta, S. (2006). Application of an index of biotic integrity (IBI) to fish assemblage of the tropical Hooghly estuary. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 53(1), 47-57.
Department of Fisheries. (1992). Fisheries survey in Nong Han during renovations. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Duangsawasdi, S., Leeranont, Y., Sricharoendham, B. and Rattanachamnong, D. (1994). Fishery resource and fishery activities in Nong Han after rehabilitation. Technical Paper 158. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Duangsawasdi, S., Sricharoendham, B., Kaewjaroon, P., Aimsab, M., Somchan, W. and Promkhruan, N. (2003). Ecology and Fish Community in Nong Han Swamp, Sakon Nakhon Province. Technical Paper 6/2003. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Gabriels, W., Goethals, P.L.M. and De Pauw, N. (2005). Implications of taxonomic modifications and alien species on biological water quality assessment as exemplified by the Belgian Biotic Index method. Hydrobiologia, 542, 137-150.
Ganasan, V. and Hughes, R.M. (1998). Application of an index of biological integrity (IBI) to fish assemblages of the rivers Khan and Kshipra (Madhya Pradesh), India. Freshwater Biology, 40(2), 367-383.
Gammon, J.R. and Simon, T.P. (2000). Variation in a great river index of biotic integrity over a 20-year period. Hydrobiologia, 422(423), 291–304.
Hiranyawat, S. (1976). Study on ecology and fisheries in Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Hughes, R.M., Kaufmann, P.R., Herlihy, A.T., Kincfaid, T.M., Reynolds, L. and Larsen, D.P. (1998). A process for developing and evaluating indices of fish assemblage integrity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 55, 1618-1631.
Jenkins, R.E. and Burkhead, N.M. (1993). The freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Karr, J.R. (1981). Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries, 6(6), 21-27.
Karr, J.R. (1991). Biological Integrity: A Long-Neglected Aspect of Water Resource Management. Ecological Applications, 1(1), 66-84.
Karr, J. R., Heidinger, R. C. and Helmer, E. H. (1985). Sensitivity of the index of biotic integrity to changes in chlorine and ammonia levels from wastewater treatment facilities. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 57, 912-915.
Karr, J. R., Fausch, K. D. Angermeier, P. L. Yant, P. R. and Schlosser, I. J. (1986). Assessing biological integrity in running waters: a method and its rationale. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaigne, Illinois, Special Publication.
Lyons. J. (1992). Using the index of biotic integrity (IBI) to measure environmental quality in warmwater stream of Wisconsin. General Technical Report NC-149. U.S.Department of Agriculture,
St. Paul, MN.
Mohamed, A.R. (2014a). Evaluation of fish assemblage environment in Huwazah marsh, Iraq using integrated biological index. Advance Agriculture and Biology, 1(3), 105-111.
Mohamed, A.R. (2014b). A fish index of biotic integrity for evaluation of fish assemblage environment in restored Chybaism marsh, Iraq. G.J.B.A.H.S, 3(1), 32-37.
Ngamsnae, P. (2011). Monitoring and bio-indicators for assessment of freshwater ecosystems. Department of Fisheries. Faculty of Agriculture. Ubon Ratchathani University. (in Thai)
Rayan, S. (2014). Fishes diversity and fish-based index of biological integrity (IBI) of Nong Han wetland, Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand. PhD Thesis. Ubon Ratchathani University. (in Thai)
Rayan, W., Naunsang, A., Ngoichansri, S. and Chatchavantatri, T. (2016). Spatio-temporal variation in fish community of Nonghan Swamp, Sakon Nakhon province, between 2009 and 2015. Technical Paper No. 31/2016. Department of fisheries. (in Thai)
Reynoldson, T. B., Norris, R. H., Resh, V. H., Day, K. E. and Rosenberg, D. M. (1997). The reference condition: a comparison of multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water-quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16, 833-852.
Ruekaewma, P., Ngoichansri, S., Thongphant, W., Rayan, W. and Sutti-arj, S. (2002). Species, biomass and distribution of aquatic macrophyte in Nong Han swamp, Sakon Nakhon province. Retrieved November 10, 2017, from http://www.fisheries.go.th/if-sakhon/web2. (in Thai)
Smogor, R. (1996). Developing an index of biotic integrity (IBI) for warmwater wadeable streams in Virginia. M.S. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Sricharoendham, B. and Koanantakul, K. (1993). Fish catch and fisheries survey during the rehabilitation program of Nong Han swamp, Sakon Nakhon province, 1992. Technical Paper 143. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Srikomut, S. (1971). Fishery biological surveys in Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon province. In Annual Report 1971. Sakon Nakhon Inland Fisheries Station, Sakon Nakhon. (in Thai)
Srimukda, P. (1968). Fishery biological surveys in Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon province. In Annual Report 1968. Sakon Nakhon Inland Fisheries Station, Sakon Nakhon. (in Thai)
Suteemeechaikul, S., Vibulsook, S. and Sricharoendham, B. (2000). Fishery activities and catch of Nong Han Swamp, Sakon Nakhon Province. Technical Paper 18/2000. Department of Fisheries. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Steedman, R. J. (1988). Modification and assessment of an index of biotic integrity to quantify stream quality in Southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 492-501.
Teels, B.M. and Danielson, T.J. (2001). Using a regional IBI to characterize the condition of northern Virginia streams, with emphasis on the Occoquam Watershed. USDA, NRCS, Wetland Science Institute, Laurel, MD, USA. Technical Note 190-13-1.
Teels, B.M., Mazanti, L.E. and Rewa, C.A. (2004). Using an IBI to assess effectiveness of mitigation measures to replace loss of a wetland-stream ecosystem. Wetlands, 24, 375-384.
U.S. EPA. (2002). Methods for Evaluating Wetland Condition: Introduction to Wetland Biological Assessment. Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. EPA-822-R-02-014.
Zhu, D. and Chang, J. (2008). Annual variations of biotic integrity in the upper Yangtze River using an adapted index of biotic integrity (IBI). Ecological Indicators, 8, 564–572.
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2018-07-09
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