Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variations of Aquatic Plants in Nam Oun Reservoir, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand
Abstract
Spatial and seasonal variations of aquatic plants were investigated from November, 2013 to October, 2014 in Nam Oun reservoir, Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand. Samplings of aquatic plants were conducted in 4 hydrological seasons, total of 6 stations, within 3 zones. Altogether, 57 species and 31 families were recorded and categorized into floating, emergent, submerged and marginal (8, 3, 7, and 39 species, respectively). Variations of species and abundance of macrophytes were surveyed (station*season). The seasons had significantly affected on biomass of aquatic plants (p<0.05). M. pigra L., U. aurea Lour. and E. dulcis Burm.f. were the most commonly found aquatic plants and had the highest biomass. The rainy season (T4) had the most diverse species. However, the highest biomass was observed during rainy to dry season (T1). Cluster analysis was used to determine biomass on seasons, which resulted in 3 major clusters. Marginal type of aquatic plants can be found in all groups, and reservoir area. Keywords : aquatic plant, diversity, distribution, multi-variation analysisReferences
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Ward, J.H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to optimize an objective function. J. American Statist. Assoc. ,58, 236-244.
Wudneh, T. (1998). Biology and management of fish stocks in Bahir Dar Gulf, Lake Tana, Ethiopia.
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AICAF. (1996). Weeds. Tropics. Assoc. Int. Coop. Agr. and Forest., Tokyo. 304 p.
Carpenter, S.R., and Lodge, D.M. (1986). Effects of submerged macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquat. Bot. ,26, 341-370.
Chatfield, C., and Collins, A.J. 1980. Introduction to multivariate analysis. London, UK: Chapman and Hall.
Department of Fisheries. (1974). Fisheries and economic of people in the area of Lam Takong reservoir, Lam Phra Phloeng reservoir in Nakhon Ratchasima province; Lam Pao reservoir in Kalasin province; Nam Oun reservoir in Sakon Nakhon province, and Sirindhorn Dam in Ubon Ratchatani. Annual Report 1974. Department of Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Bangkok. 70 p.
Department of Fisheries. (1975). Statistical surveys of fish from large reservoirs in northeast. Annual Report. Department of Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Bangkok. 127 p.
Duangsawasdi, M., Boonpirote, S. and Prasatpornchai, P. (1992). Species, biomass, distribution of macrophytes in Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon province. Technical Paper no.73. Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center. Department of Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. 92 p.
Google. (2017). Google Maps. Retrieved July 17, 2017, from https://www.google.co.th/maps/.
Han, E.T. (2002). The aquarium plant handbook. Oriental Aquarium (S) Pte Ltd, Singapore. 184 p.
Kent, M., and Coker, R. (1999). Vegetation description and analysis : a practical approach. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
Kodsup, P., Meksumpun, C. and Meksumpun, S. (2007). Assessment of aquatic resource enrichment status by integration of aquatic plant biomass database: A case study in Srinakarin reservoir, Kanchanaburi province. In Proceedings of 45th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. Bangkok.
p. 302-309.
Kohanantakul, K. (n.d). Aquatic plants in Nong Han. Department of Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. 69 p.
Kulabtong, S., and Kunlapapuk, S. (2010). Species diversity of aquatic plants in Hui Kvang, Kanchanaburi province. Agricultural Sci. J. ,41(3/1) (Suppl.), 105-108.
Ngamsnae, P. (2011). Monitoring and bio-indicators for assessment of freshwater ecosystems. Department of Fisheries. Faculty of Agriculture. Ubon Ratchathani University. 208 p.
Panchan, R., Rayan, S. Thapanand-Chaidee, T. Jutagate, T. and Sribanjam, S. (2009). Desirable mesh size for the gillnet fisheries in Nam Oun reservoir, Sakon Nakhon Province. Final Report. Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus. 100 p.
Pooma, R. and Suddee, S. (eds.). (2014). Thai plant names Tem Smitinand revised edition 2014. Bangkok: Office of the Forest Herbarium, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation.
R Development Core Team. (2009). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Rayan, S., Kumla, S. and Chartchumni, B. (2014). Diversity of aquatic plants in Nam Oun Reservoir area, Sakon Nakhon province. In The 6th Rajamangala University of Technology National Conference. 463.
Rodloy, A., Nukwan, S. and Saichan, Y. (2010). Species and distribution of aquatic plants on the upper part of northeast Thailand. Proceeding of the annual conference on fisheries 2013. Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center. Aquatic Plants and Ornamental Fish Research Institute. Department of Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. 316 p.
Royal Irrigation Department. (2011). The effect of sedimentation to reservoir capacity: A case study of Bang Kamprad reservoir, Khao Panom district, Krabi province. Sediment and Water Quality Group. Royal Irrigation Department. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. 240 p.
Ruekaewma, P., Ngoichansri, S., Thongphant, W., Rayan, W. and Sutti-arj, S. (2005). Species, biomass and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in Nong Han swamp, Sakon Nakhon province. Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center. Department of Fisheries.
Sripen, S. (1999). Aquatic plants in Thailand. Amarin Printing and Publishing P.C.L. Bangkok. 312 p.
Udomsri, C., Siraprapha, P., Chitraporn, T., Chavalit, V. and Vajrodaya, S. (2005). Community structure of aquatic plants in Bung Khong Long, Nongkhai province, a Ramsar site of Thailand. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) ,39, 64-75.
Ward, J.H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to optimize an objective function. J. American Statist. Assoc. ,58, 236-244.
Wudneh, T. (1998). Biology and management of fish stocks in Bahir Dar Gulf, Lake Tana, Ethiopia.
Doctor’s Thesis. Wageningen University.
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2017-09-15
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